Comunidades de energía para una transición energética: una revisión documental de los elementos, retos, y tendencias del autoconsumo comunitario
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Lawrence Pedroza, D. E., España Forero, J. M. ., & Ortega Arango, S. (2022). Comunidades de energía para una transición energética: una revisión documental de los elementos, retos, y tendencias del autoconsumo comunitario. Ingenierías USBMed, 13(2), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.21500/20275846.5457 (Original work published 27 de septiembre de 2022)
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Resumen
A medida que avanza la transición energética, los usuarios tradicionales de energía se empoderan produciendo, almacenando y gestionando energía proveniente, generalmente, de fuentes no convencionales de energías renovables. En el contexto latinoamericano, las experiencias de iniciativas de autoconsumo comunitario son muy escasas, a lo que se suma el hecho de que los sistemas solares domésticos solo son accesibles para algunos usuarios de altos ingresos. El autoconsumo comunitario tiene múltiples dimensiones para ser un proyecto integral, por lo que el desarrollo de estos modelos ha sido complejo, sin llegar a una clara comprensión ni conceptualización. Este artículo tiene como objetivo recopilar varios estudios de caso y revisar los antecedentes de las comunidades solares desde las primeras iniciativas reportadas para comprender los conflictos e intereses que se fueron desarrollando en la generación de energía comunitaria distribuida. Se pretende identificar los factores para la adopción de estos
proyectos, los desafíos financieros y los retos existentes para establecer una regulación y política energética. Además, se pudo concluir que estos sistemas pueden aplicarse a países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo; sin embargo, sus objetivos, modelos de gobernanza y estructura difieren, por lo que no existe un método universal para establecer comunidades energéticas.
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