Relationship between depressive symptomatology and cognitive performance in older people
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David Andres Montoya-Arenas
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Jose G. Franco
Ana M. Gaviria
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Izquierdo-Guerra, K. I., Montoya-Arenas, D. A., Franco, J. G., & Gaviria, A. M. (2018). Relationship between depressive symptomatology and cognitive performance in older people. International Journal of Psychological Research, 11(2), 35–45. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.3520
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The editorial board reserves the right of amendments deemed necessary in the application of the rules of publication.
To give up copyright, the authors allow that, International Journal of Psychological Research, distribute the work more broadly, check for the reuse by others and take care of the necessary procedures for the registration and administration of copyright; at the same time, our editorial board represents the interests of the author and allows authors to re-use his work in various forms. In response to the above, authors transfer copyright to the journal, International Journal of Psychological Research. This transfer does not imply other rights which are not those of authorship (for example those that concern about patents). Likewise, preserves the authors rights to use the work integral or partially in lectures, books and courses, as well as make copies for educational purposes. Finally, the authors may use freely the tables and figures in its future work, wherever make explicit reference to the previous publication in International Journal of Psychological Research. The assignment of copyright includes both virtual rights and forms of the article to allow the editorial to disseminate the work in the manner which it deems appropriate.
The editorial board reserves the right of amendments deemed necessary in the application of the rules of publication.
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the relationship of depressive symptoms with differentiated components of cognitive function in older adults using the Neuronorma.Co protocol. Methodology: We analyzed the cognitive performance of 144 adults, 58.3% women, with an average age of 68.1 ± 11.2 years. A factor analysis of main components was performed to identify independent factors of cognitive function. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to estimate the type and strength of association between depressive symptoms and neurocognitive performance components. Results: Seven differentiated components of cognitive performance were identified. In the multivariate analysis, interference control and language were affected by the total score on the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale. Conclusions: The presence and intensity of depressive symptoms is associated with a lower performance in tasks dependent on executive control.
References
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Borkowski, J. G., Benton, A. L., & Spreen, O. (1967). Word fluency and brain damage. Neuropsychologia, 5(2), 135–140.
Cadar, D., Lassale, C., Davies, H., Llewellyn, D. J., Batty, G. D., & Steptoe, A. (2018). Individual and Area-Based Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Dementia Incidence in England: Evidence from a 12-Year Follow-up in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. JAMA Psychiatry, 75(7), 723–732.
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Da Silva, J., Goncalves-Pereira, M., Xavier, M., & Mukaetova-Ladinska, E. B. (2013). Affective disorders and risk of developing dementia: systematic review. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 202(3), 177–186.
Dechent, C. (2008). Depresión geriátrica y trastornos cognitivos. Revista Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, 19, 339–46.
Dotson, V. M., Beydoun, M. A., & Zonderman, A. B. (2010). Recurrent depressive symptoms and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Neurology, 75(1), 27–34.
Duarte, L., Espitia, A., & Montañés, P. (2016). Aportes y limitaciones del Boston Naming Test: evidencia a partir de controles colombianos. Acta Neurológica Colombiana, 32(4), 290–296.
Fuster, J. M. (2002). Frontal lobe and cognitive development. Journal of Neurocytology, 31(3-5), 373–385.
Gabryelewicz, T., Styczynska, M., Luczywek, E., Barczak, A., Pfeffer, A., Androsiuk, W., … Barcikowska, M. (2007). The rate of conversion of mild cognitive impairment to dementia: predictive role of depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22(6), 563–567.
Gao, Y., Huang, C., Zhao, K., Ma, L., Qiu, X., Zhang, L., … others (2013). Depression as a risk factor for dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(5), 441–449.
Goodale, E. (2007). Síntomas cognitivos de la depresión. Revista de Toxicomanías, 50, 13–15.
Grant, D. A., & Berg, E. (1948). A behavioral analysis of degree of reinforcement and ease of shifting to new responses in a Weigl-type card-sorting problem. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38(4), 404–411.
Hartikainen, K. M., Ogawa, K. H., & Knight, R. T. (2012). Orbitofrontal cortex biases attention to emotional events. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 34(6), 588–597.
Hernández, L., Montañés, P., Gámez, A., Cano, C., & Núñez, E. (2007). Neuropsicología del envejecimiento normal. Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Gerontología y Geriatría, 21(1), 992–1004.
Isaacs, B., & Kennie, A. T. (1973). The Set test as an aid to the detection of dementia in old people. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 123(575), 467–470.
Ismail, Z., Malick, A., Smith, E. E., Schweizer, T., & Fischer, C. (2014). Depression versus dementia: is this construct still relevant? Neurodegenerative Disease Management, 4(2), 119–126.
Kessing, L. V. (2012). Depression and the risk for dementia. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 25(6), 457–461.
Kessing, L. V., Sondergard, L., Forman, J. L., & Andersen, P. K. (2009). Antidepressants and dementia. Journal of Affective Disorders, 117 (1-2), 24–29.
Kirkman, M. S., Briscoe, V. J., Clark, N., Florez, H., Haas, L. B., Halter, J. B., … others (2012). Diabetes in older adults. Diabetes Care, 35(12), 2650–2664.
Le, T. M., Borghi, J. A., Kujawa, A. J., Klein, D. N., & Leung, H.-C. (2017). Alterations in visual cortical activation and connectivity with prefrontal cortex during working memory updating in major depressive disorder. NeuroImage: Clinical, 14, 43–53.
López Torres, I., Torres-Sánchez, I., Martín Salvador, A., Ortiz Rubio, A., Rodríguez Alzueta, E., & Valenza, M. C. (2014). Deterioro cognitivo, estado nutricional y perfil clínico en la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 30(5), 1152–1159.
Montañés, P. (2016). Enfermedad de Alzheimer. Memorias que se desvanecen. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Neubauer, A. B., Wahl, H.-W., & Bickel, H. (2013). Depressive symptoms as predictor of dementia versus continuous cognitive decline: a 3-year prospective study. European Journal of Ageing, 10(1), 37–48.
Norton, D. J., McBain, R. K., Pizzagalli, D. A., Cronin- Golomb, A., & Chen, Y. (2016). Dysregulation of visual motion inhibition in major depression. Psychiatry Research, 36(5), 1011–1014.
Ownby, R. L., Crocco, E., Acevedo, A., John, V., & Loewenstein, D. (2006). Depression and risk for Alzheimer disease: systematic review, metaanalysis, and metaregression analysis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63(5), 530–538.
Peña Casanova, J., Gramunt-Fombuena, N., Quiñones Úbeda, S., Sánchez-Benavides, G., Aguilar, M., Badenes, D., … for the NEURONORMA Study Team (2009). Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA Project): Norms for the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure (Copy and Memory), and Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 24(4), 371–393.
Peña Casanova, J., Quiñones Úbeda, S., Gramunt- Fombuena, N., Aguilar, M., Casas, L., Molinuevo, J. L., … others (2009a). Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA Project): norms for Boston naming test and Token Test. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 24(4), 343–354.
Peña Casanova, J., Quiñones Úbeda, S., Gramunt-Fombuena, N., Aguilar, M., Casas, L., Molinuevo, J. L., … others (2009b). Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA Project ): Norms for the Stroop Color-Word Interference Test and the Tower of London-Drexel. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 24, 413–429.
Peña Casanova, J., Quiñones Úbeda, S., Gramunt-Fombuena, N., Aguilar, M., Casas, L., Molinuevo, J. L., … others (2009c). Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA Project ): Norms for Verbal Span, Visuospatial Span, Letter and Number Sequencing, Trail Making Test, and Symbol Digit Modalities Test. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 24, 321–341.
Roca Socarrás, A. C., & Henriette, K. (2012). Comportamiento de la cognición y comorbilidad en pacientes con infarto cerebral hospitalizados. Seychelles 2010-2011. Revista de Enfermedades no Transmisibles Finlay, 2(3), 137–145.
Rock, P. L., Roiser, J. P., Riedel, W. J., & Blackwell, A. D. (2014). Cognitive impairment in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 44(10), 2029–2040.
Smith, P. J., & Blumenthal, J. A. (2011). Aspectos psiquiátricos y conductuales de la enfermedad cardiovascular: epidemiología, mecanismos y tratamiento. Revista Española de Cardiología, 64(10), 924–933.
Snyder, H. R. (2014). Major depressive disorder is associated with broad impairments on neuropsychological measures of executive function: a meta-analysis and review. Psychological Bulletin, 139(1), 81–132.
Spira, A. P., Rebok, G. W., Stone, K. L., Kramer, J. H., & Yaffe, K. (2012). Depressive symptoms in oldest old women: risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(12), 1006–1015.
Stanley, K. (2014). Nutrition considerations for the growing population of older adults with diabetes. Diabetes Spectrum, 27 (1), 29–36.
Steenland, K., Karnes, C., Seals, R., Carnevale, C., Hermida, A., & Levey, A. (2012). Late-life depression as a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease in 30 US Alzheimer’s disease centers. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 31(2), 265–275.
Stern, Y. (2003). The concept of cognitive reserve: a catalyst for research. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 25(5), 589–593.
Stern, Y., Zarahn, E., Hilton, H. J., Flynn, J., DeLaPaz, R., & Rakitin, B. (2003). Exploring the neural basis of cognitive reserve. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 25(5), 691–701.
Stuss, D. T. (1992). Biological and psychological development of executive functions. Brain and Cognition, 20(1), 8–23.
Tirapu-Ustárroz, J., Cordero-Andrés, P., Luna-Lario, P., & Hernáez-Goñi, P. (2017). Propuesta de un modelo de funciones ejecutivas basado en análisis factoriales. Revista de Neurología, 64(2), 75–84.
Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., & Leirer, V. O. (1982). Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17 (1), 37–49.
Alexopoulos, G. S., Kiosses, D. N., Klimstra, S., Kalayam, B., & Bruce, M. L. (2002). Clinical presentation of the “depression-executive dysfunction syndrome” of late life. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 10(1), 98–106.
Alvarán, L., Gómez, L. A., Aguirre, D. C., & Ortiz, L. D. (2008). Caracterización neuropsicológica de pacientes con glioma tratados en el Instituto de Cancerología de Medellín. Acta Neurológica Colombiana, 24, 13–23.
Bora, E., Harrison, B. J., Yücel, M., & Pantelis, C. (2013). Cognitive impairment in euthymic major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 43(10), 2017–2026.
Borkowski, J. G., Benton, A. L., & Spreen, O. (1967). Word fluency and brain damage. Neuropsychologia, 5(2), 135–140.
Cadar, D., Lassale, C., Davies, H., Llewellyn, D. J., Batty, G. D., & Steptoe, A. (2018). Individual and Area-Based Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Dementia Incidence in England: Evidence from a 12-Year Follow-up in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. JAMA Psychiatry, 75(7), 723–732.
Chen, R., Copeland, J. R. M., & Wei, L. (1999). A metaanalysis of epidemiological studies in depression of older people in the People’s Republic of China. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 14(10), 821–830.
Da Silva, J., Goncalves-Pereira, M., Xavier, M., & Mukaetova-Ladinska, E. B. (2013). Affective disorders and risk of developing dementia: systematic review. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 202(3), 177–186.
Dechent, C. (2008). Depresión geriátrica y trastornos cognitivos. Revista Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, 19, 339–46.
Dotson, V. M., Beydoun, M. A., & Zonderman, A. B. (2010). Recurrent depressive symptoms and the incidence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Neurology, 75(1), 27–34.
Duarte, L., Espitia, A., & Montañés, P. (2016). Aportes y limitaciones del Boston Naming Test: evidencia a partir de controles colombianos. Acta Neurológica Colombiana, 32(4), 290–296.
Fuster, J. M. (2002). Frontal lobe and cognitive development. Journal of Neurocytology, 31(3-5), 373–385.
Gabryelewicz, T., Styczynska, M., Luczywek, E., Barczak, A., Pfeffer, A., Androsiuk, W., … Barcikowska, M. (2007). The rate of conversion of mild cognitive impairment to dementia: predictive role of depression. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22(6), 563–567.
Gao, Y., Huang, C., Zhao, K., Ma, L., Qiu, X., Zhang, L., … others (2013). Depression as a risk factor for dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28(5), 441–449.
Goodale, E. (2007). Síntomas cognitivos de la depresión. Revista de Toxicomanías, 50, 13–15.
Grant, D. A., & Berg, E. (1948). A behavioral analysis of degree of reinforcement and ease of shifting to new responses in a Weigl-type card-sorting problem. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 38(4), 404–411.
Hartikainen, K. M., Ogawa, K. H., & Knight, R. T. (2012). Orbitofrontal cortex biases attention to emotional events. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 34(6), 588–597.
Hernández, L., Montañés, P., Gámez, A., Cano, C., & Núñez, E. (2007). Neuropsicología del envejecimiento normal. Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Gerontología y Geriatría, 21(1), 992–1004.
Isaacs, B., & Kennie, A. T. (1973). The Set test as an aid to the detection of dementia in old people. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 123(575), 467–470.
Ismail, Z., Malick, A., Smith, E. E., Schweizer, T., & Fischer, C. (2014). Depression versus dementia: is this construct still relevant? Neurodegenerative Disease Management, 4(2), 119–126.
Kessing, L. V. (2012). Depression and the risk for dementia. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 25(6), 457–461.
Kessing, L. V., Sondergard, L., Forman, J. L., & Andersen, P. K. (2009). Antidepressants and dementia. Journal of Affective Disorders, 117 (1-2), 24–29.
Kirkman, M. S., Briscoe, V. J., Clark, N., Florez, H., Haas, L. B., Halter, J. B., … others (2012). Diabetes in older adults. Diabetes Care, 35(12), 2650–2664.
Le, T. M., Borghi, J. A., Kujawa, A. J., Klein, D. N., & Leung, H.-C. (2017). Alterations in visual cortical activation and connectivity with prefrontal cortex during working memory updating in major depressive disorder. NeuroImage: Clinical, 14, 43–53.
López Torres, I., Torres-Sánchez, I., Martín Salvador, A., Ortiz Rubio, A., Rodríguez Alzueta, E., & Valenza, M. C. (2014). Deterioro cognitivo, estado nutricional y perfil clínico en la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 30(5), 1152–1159.
Montañés, P. (2016). Enfermedad de Alzheimer. Memorias que se desvanecen. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
Neubauer, A. B., Wahl, H.-W., & Bickel, H. (2013). Depressive symptoms as predictor of dementia versus continuous cognitive decline: a 3-year prospective study. European Journal of Ageing, 10(1), 37–48.
Norton, D. J., McBain, R. K., Pizzagalli, D. A., Cronin- Golomb, A., & Chen, Y. (2016). Dysregulation of visual motion inhibition in major depression. Psychiatry Research, 36(5), 1011–1014.
Ownby, R. L., Crocco, E., Acevedo, A., John, V., & Loewenstein, D. (2006). Depression and risk for Alzheimer disease: systematic review, metaanalysis, and metaregression analysis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63(5), 530–538.
Peña Casanova, J., Gramunt-Fombuena, N., Quiñones Úbeda, S., Sánchez-Benavides, G., Aguilar, M., Badenes, D., … for the NEURONORMA Study Team (2009). Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA Project): Norms for the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure (Copy and Memory), and Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 24(4), 371–393.
Peña Casanova, J., Quiñones Úbeda, S., Gramunt- Fombuena, N., Aguilar, M., Casas, L., Molinuevo, J. L., … others (2009a). Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA Project): norms for Boston naming test and Token Test. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 24(4), 343–354.
Peña Casanova, J., Quiñones Úbeda, S., Gramunt-Fombuena, N., Aguilar, M., Casas, L., Molinuevo, J. L., … others (2009b). Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA Project ): Norms for the Stroop Color-Word Interference Test and the Tower of London-Drexel. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 24, 413–429.
Peña Casanova, J., Quiñones Úbeda, S., Gramunt-Fombuena, N., Aguilar, M., Casas, L., Molinuevo, J. L., … others (2009c). Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA Project ): Norms for Verbal Span, Visuospatial Span, Letter and Number Sequencing, Trail Making Test, and Symbol Digit Modalities Test. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 24, 321–341.
Roca Socarrás, A. C., & Henriette, K. (2012). Comportamiento de la cognición y comorbilidad en pacientes con infarto cerebral hospitalizados. Seychelles 2010-2011. Revista de Enfermedades no Transmisibles Finlay, 2(3), 137–145.
Rock, P. L., Roiser, J. P., Riedel, W. J., & Blackwell, A. D. (2014). Cognitive impairment in depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 44(10), 2029–2040.
Smith, P. J., & Blumenthal, J. A. (2011). Aspectos psiquiátricos y conductuales de la enfermedad cardiovascular: epidemiología, mecanismos y tratamiento. Revista Española de Cardiología, 64(10), 924–933.
Snyder, H. R. (2014). Major depressive disorder is associated with broad impairments on neuropsychological measures of executive function: a meta-analysis and review. Psychological Bulletin, 139(1), 81–132.
Spira, A. P., Rebok, G. W., Stone, K. L., Kramer, J. H., & Yaffe, K. (2012). Depressive symptoms in oldest old women: risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20(12), 1006–1015.
Stanley, K. (2014). Nutrition considerations for the growing population of older adults with diabetes. Diabetes Spectrum, 27 (1), 29–36.
Steenland, K., Karnes, C., Seals, R., Carnevale, C., Hermida, A., & Levey, A. (2012). Late-life depression as a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer’s disease in 30 US Alzheimer’s disease centers. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 31(2), 265–275.
Stern, Y. (2003). The concept of cognitive reserve: a catalyst for research. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 25(5), 589–593.
Stern, Y., Zarahn, E., Hilton, H. J., Flynn, J., DeLaPaz, R., & Rakitin, B. (2003). Exploring the neural basis of cognitive reserve. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 25(5), 691–701.
Stuss, D. T. (1992). Biological and psychological development of executive functions. Brain and Cognition, 20(1), 8–23.
Tirapu-Ustárroz, J., Cordero-Andrés, P., Luna-Lario, P., & Hernáez-Goñi, P. (2017). Propuesta de un modelo de funciones ejecutivas basado en análisis factoriales. Revista de Neurología, 64(2), 75–84.
Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., & Leirer, V. O. (1982). Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17 (1), 37–49.
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