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K. Hsing, C., J. HofelichMohr, A., Stansfield, R. B., & D. Preston, S. (2013). La alexitimia disminuye el rendimiento pero preserva la decodificación semántica espontánea de expresiones negativas en la Emostroop Task. International Journal of Psychological Research, 6, 56–67. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.719
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The editorial board reserves the right of amendments deemed necessary in the application of the rules of publication.
To give up copyright, the authors allow that, International Journal of Psychological Research, distribute the work more broadly, check for the reuse by others and take care of the necessary procedures for the registration and administration of copyright; at the same time, our editorial board represents the interests of the author and allows authors to re-use his work in various forms. In response to the above, authors transfer copyright to the journal, International Journal of Psychological Research. This transfer does not imply other rights which are not those of authorship (for example those that concern about patents). Likewise, preserves the authors rights to use the work integral or partially in lectures, books and courses, as well as make copies for educational purposes. Finally, the authors may use freely the tables and figures in its future work, wherever make explicit reference to the previous publication in International Journal of Psychological Research. The assignment of copyright includes both virtual rights and forms of the article to allow the editorial to disseminate the work in the manner which it deems appropriate.
The editorial board reserves the right of amendments deemed necessary in the application of the rules of publication.
Resumen
La alexitimia es una construcción de personalidad multifacética relacionada con déficit en el reconocimiento y la verbalización de las emociones. No se sabe qué causa la alexitimia o en qué etapa de procesamiento de las emociones se ve afectada primero. El presente estudio fue diseñado para determinar si el rasgo de alexitimia se asocia con una deficiencia en la decodificación semántica temprana de la emoción facial. Los participantes realizaron la tarea Emostroop, que varió el tiempo de presentación de las caras que representan expresiones neutrales, de enojo o de tristeza antes de la clasificación de los adjetivos de enojo y de tristeza. El efecto Emostroop se repitió, representado por las respuestas lentas cuando la palabra clasificada era incongruente con el antecedente de la emoción facial. Las personas con alta alexitimia eran en general más lentas en todos los ensayos, sobre todo al clasificar adjetivos tristes; sin embargo, no fue diferente en el efecto básico Emostroop. Nuestros resultados sugieren que la alexitimia no se debe a problemas de bajo nivel de detección y categorización de las emociones faciales de los demás. Además, su discapacidad no parece extenderse uniformemente a través de las emociones negativas y no es específico a los estímulos de enojo o amenaza como se informó anteriormente, al menos durante el proceso inicial. Casi en contraste con el deterioro esperado, los individuos con alta alexitimia y puntuaciones inferiores de CI verbal tuvieron efectos Emostroop aún más pronunciadas, especialmente cuando se muestra la cara por más tiempo. Para entender mejor la naturaleza de la alexitimia, la investigación futura debe separar aún más la fase precisa de procesamiento de las emociones y de las formas de afectar a los más afectados en esta condición relativamente común.
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Referencias
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Kokkonen, P., Veijola, J., Karvonen, J. T., Laksy, K., Jokelainen, J., Jarvelin, M., & Joukamaa, M. (2003). Ability to speak at the age of 1 year and alexithymia 30 years later. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 54, 491-495.
Kugel, H., Eichmann, M., Dannlowski, U., Ohrmann, P., Bauer, J., Arolt, V., … Suslow, T. (2008). Alexithymic features and automatic amygdala reactivity to facial emotion. Neuroscience Letters, 435, 40–44.
Lane, R. D., & Schwartz, G. E. (1987). Levels of emotional awareness: A cognitive‐developmental theory and its application to psychopathology. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 133-143.
Lane, R., Sechrest, L., Riedel, R., Shapiro, D. E., & Kaszniak, A. W. (2000). Pervasive emotion recognition deficit common to alexithymia and the repressive coping style. Psychosomatic medicine, 62, 492-501.
Bagby, R. M., Taylor, G. J., Parker, J. D. A., & Dickens, S. E. (2006). The development of the Toronto Structured Interview for alexithymia: Item selection, factor structure, reliability and concurrent validity. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 75, 25-39.
Beck, A. T., & Steer, R. A. (1987) Beck Depression Inventory Manual. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
Bucci, W. (1997).Psychoanalysis and cognitive science: a multiple code theory. New York: Guilford.
Damasio, A. R. (1999). The feeling of what happens: Body and emotion in the making of consciousness. New York, NY: Harcourt Brace.
Educational Testing Service. (1976). Kit of factor-referenced tests. Princeton, NJ: Author.
Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1976).Pictures of facial affect [Slides]. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Gil, F. P., Ridout, N., Kessler, H., Neuffer, M., Schoechlin, C., Traue, H. C., & Nickel, M. (2009). Facial emotion recognition and alexithymia in adults with somatoform disorders. Depression and Anxiety, 26, E26-E33.
Hendryx, M. S., Haviland, M. G., & Shaw, D. G. (1991). Dimensions of alexithymia and their relationships to anxiety and depression. Journal of Personality Assessment, 56, 227–237.
Hofelich, A. J., & Preston, S. D. (2012). The meaning in empathy: Distinguishing conceptual encoding from facial mimicry, trait empathy, and attention to emotion. Cognition & Emotion, 26, 119-128.
Holt, C. S. (1995). Evidence for a verbal deficit in alexithymia. Neurosciences, 7, 320-324.
Kano, M., Ito, M., & Fukudo, S. (2011). Neural substrates of decision making as measured with the Iowa gambling task in men with alexithymia. Psychosomatic medicine, 73(7), 588-597.
Kano, M., Hamaguchi, T., Itoh, M., Yanai, K., & Fukudo, S. (2007). Correlation between alexithymia and hypersensitivity to visceral stimulation in human. Pain, 132, 252-263.
Kano, M., Fukudo, S., Gyoba, J., Kamachi, M., Tagawa, M., Mochizuki, H., … Yanai, K. (2003). Specific brain processing of facial expressions in people with alexithymia: an H215O‐PET study. Brain, 126, 1474-1484.
Kokkonen, P., Veijola, J., Karvonen, J. T., Laksy, K., Jokelainen, J., Jarvelin, M., & Joukamaa, M. (2003). Ability to speak at the age of 1 year and alexithymia 30 years later. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 54, 491-495.
Kugel, H., Eichmann, M., Dannlowski, U., Ohrmann, P., Bauer, J., Arolt, V., … Suslow, T. (2008). Alexithymic features and automatic amygdala reactivity to facial emotion. Neuroscience Letters, 435, 40–44.
Lane, R. D., & Schwartz, G. E. (1987). Levels of emotional awareness: A cognitive‐developmental theory and its application to psychopathology. American Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 133-143.
Lane, R., Sechrest, L., Riedel, R., Shapiro, D. E., & Kaszniak, A. W. (2000). Pervasive emotion recognition deficit common to alexithymia and the repressive coping style. Psychosomatic medicine, 62, 492-501.
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