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Jatuff, José. 2022. «Avatares antropológicos Del Vigor En Estados Unidos Del Siglo XIX». Franciscanum 64 (178). https://doi.org/10.21500/01201468.5706.
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Resumo
En el siglo XIX los cambios sociales y los avances en teoría evolutiva y en termodinámica forjaron una trasformación en la mirada. La tensión y la lucha se constituyen en conceptos claves con los que se interpretan distintos aspectos del ser humano y la sociedad. En Estados Unidos esto tuvo sus características propias. El objetivo del presente trabajo es el de mostrar las distintas consecuencias que trajo el desplazamiento de tales teorías y conceptos trazando un hilo conductor que revele su influencia en la cultura, y por ello, en la idea de ser humano. Especialmente en los ámbitos de la política, la economía, la neurología, la literatura, la psicología y la filosofía.
Referências
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Bowler, Peter. «Malthus, Darwin, and the Concept of Struggle». Journal of the History of Ideas 4, Vol. 37 (1976): 631-650.
Beard, George. «Certain Symptoms of Nervous Exhaustion». Virginia Medical Monthly, June, (1878).
Beard, George. American Nervousness, Its Causes and Consequences. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1881.
Beard, George. The Nature and Diagnosis of Neurasthenia. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1879.
Bridges, Hal. «The Robber Baron Concept in American History». The Business History Review 1, Vol. 32 (1958): 1-13.
Browning, Don. «William James´s Philosophy of the Person: The Concept of Strenuous Life». Zygon 2, Vol. 10 (1975): 162-174.
Brush, Stephen. «Thermodynamics and History: Science and Culture in the Nineteenth». The Graduate Journal Vol. 7 (1967): 481-543.
Carroy, Jacqueline; Ohayon, Annick; Plas, Régine. Histoire de la psychologie en France XIXe – XXe siècles. Paris: La Découverte, 2006.
Chauncey, Mitchell. My Memories of Eighty Years. New York: Cosimo Classics.
Claeys, Gregory. «“Survival of the Fittest” and the Origins of Social Darwinism». Journal of the History of Ideas 2, Vol. 61(2000): 223-240.
Colella E. Paul. «The Geography of Strenuousness: America in William James’s Narrative of Moral Energy». Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society 1, Vol. 52(2016): 93-113.
Croce, Paul. «A Mannered Memory and Teachable Moment: William James and the French Correspondent in the Varieties». William James Studies, Vol. 4 (2009): 36-69.
Darwin, Charles. Life and letters of Charles Darwin. New York and London: D. Appleton and Company.
Darwin, Charles. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or, The preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray, 1859.
Daub, Edward E. «Entropy and Dissipation». Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences Vol. 2, (1970): 321-354.
Dooley, Patrick K. A Community of Inquiry. Ohio: The Kent State University Press, 2008.
Dooley, Patrick. «The Strenuous Mood: William James' “Energies in Men” and Jack London's “The Sea-Wolf”». American Literary Realism 1, Vol. 34 (2001):18-28.
Dunham, Jeremy. «Idealism, Pragmatism, and the Will to Believe: Charles Renouvier and William James». British Journal for the History of Philosophy 4, Vol. 23 (2019): 756-778.
Franzese, Sergio. The Ethics of Energy, William James’s Moral Philosophy in Focus. Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag, 2008.
Gael, Allen. Darwin. London: Longmans Green and Co., 1888.
Gale, Barry. «Darwin and the Concept of a Struggle for Existence: A Study in the Extrascientific Origins of Scientific Ideas». Isis 3, Vol. 63 (1972): 321-344.
Ghent, William. Our Benevolent Feudalism. New York: Macmillan, 1902.
Gillispie, Charles. The Edge of Objectivity. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1960.
Gray, Richard. A Brief History of American Literature. Oxford: England Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2011.
Gray, Richard. A History of American Literature. Oxford: England Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2004.
Hofstadter, Richard. Social Darwinism in American Thought: 1860-1915. New York: George Brazziler Inc., 1959.
James, William. «The Moral Equivalent of War». Consultada en febrero 19, 2018. https://www.uky.edu/~eushe2/Pajares/moral.html.
James, William. The Principles of Psychology. New York: Henry Hold ed., 1918,
James, William. The Varieties of Religious Experience. A Study in Human Nature. New York: Longmans, 1902.
James, William. The Will to Believe and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy. New York: Longmans, 1897.
James, William. The Will to Believe and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy, New York: Longmans, 1897.
Karpenko, Lara and Claggett, Shalyn Ed., Strange Science. Investigating the Limits of Knowledge in the Victorian Age. Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 2017.
Kragh, Helge S. «Cosmology and the entropic creation argument». Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 2, Vol. 37, (2007): 369-382.
Lekant, Todd. «The Marriage of Ideals and Strenuous Actions: Exploring William James' Account of Significant Life». Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society 4, Vol. 52 (2016): 576-597.
Lekant, Todd. «Strenuous Moral Living». William James Studies. Consultada en noviembre 11, 2021. https://williamjamesstudies.org/strenuous-moral-living/.
London, J. Sea Wolf. New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1904.
Lotka, Alfred J. «Evolution and Thermodynamics». Science & Society 2, Vol. 8, (1944):161-171.
Lutz, Tom. American Nervousness, 1903: An Anecdotal History. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991.
Lyell, Charles. Principles of Geology. London: John Murray, 1830-1833.
Malthus, Thomas. An Essay on the Principle of Population as It Affects the Future Improvement of Society, with Remarks on the Speculations of Mr. Godwin, M. Condorcet, and Other Writers. London: J. Johnson Ed., 1798.
Marcheti, Sarin. Ethics and Philosophical Critique in William James, Ireland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
Myers, Greg. «Nineteenth-Century Popularizations of Thermodynamics and the Rhetoric of Social Prophecy». Victorian Studies 1, Vol. 29, (1985): 35-66.
Newlin, Keith Ed. The Oxford Handbook of American Literary Naturalism. Oxford: Oxford Handbooks, 2011.
Nietzsche, Friedrich. Fragmentos póstumos. Madrid: Tecnos, 2008.
Norris, Franck. A Man's Woman, (The Project Gutenberg eBook, 2005), 2. consultada en enero 14, 2017. http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/16096.
Perry, R. Barton. The Thought and Character of William James. London: Oxford University Press, II vol.
Pizer, Donald (Ed.). The Cambridge Companion to American Realism and Naturalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Pizer, Donald. Twentieth-Century American Literary Naturalism: An Interpretation Southern. Illinois: University Press, 1982
Roosevelt, Theodore. Hunting Trips of a Ranchman. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co., 1886.
Roosevelt, Theodore. Ranch Life and the Hunting-Trail, New York: Bonanza Books, 1978.
Royce, Josiah. William James, and Other Essays on The Philosophy of Fife. New York: The Macmillan company, 1912.
Shusterman, Richard. «Thought in the Strenuous Mood: Pragmatism as a Philosophy of Feeling». New Literary History 3, Vol. 43 (2012):433-454.
Spencer, Herbert. Data of Ethics. London: William and Norgate, 1870.
Spencer, Herbert. First principles. London: Watts and Co., 1946.
Spencer, Herbert. Principles of Biology. New York: Appleton and Company, 1896.
Spengler, Oswald. The Decline of the West. New York: Knopf, 1957.
Speziale, Marcia M. J. «Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr, Willima James, Theodore Roosevelt, and the strenuous life». Hein Online Vol. 13 (1980): 663-703.
Tarde, Gabriel. Les lois de l’imitation. Paris: Alcan, 1895.
Walcutt, Charles Child. American Literary Naturalism: A Divided Stream. Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota, 1956.
Wayne, Donald. «William James on Free Will: The French Connection». History of Philosophy Quarterly 1, Vol. 14 (1997): 29-52.
Wiener, Philip G. M. «Beard and Freud on 'American Nervousness'». Journal of the History of Ideas 2, Vol. 17 (1956): 269-274.
Wyllie, Irvin G. «Social Darwinism and the Businessman». Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 5, Vol. 103 (1959): 629-635.
Zola, Emile. Le Roman Expérimental. París: Ed. Garnier-Flammarion, 1971.
Bowler, Peter. «Malthus, Darwin, and the Concept of Struggle». Journal of the History of Ideas 4, Vol. 37 (1976): 631-650.
Beard, George. «Certain Symptoms of Nervous Exhaustion». Virginia Medical Monthly, June, (1878).
Beard, George. American Nervousness, Its Causes and Consequences. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1881.
Beard, George. The Nature and Diagnosis of Neurasthenia. New York: D. Appleton and Company, 1879.
Bridges, Hal. «The Robber Baron Concept in American History». The Business History Review 1, Vol. 32 (1958): 1-13.
Browning, Don. «William James´s Philosophy of the Person: The Concept of Strenuous Life». Zygon 2, Vol. 10 (1975): 162-174.
Brush, Stephen. «Thermodynamics and History: Science and Culture in the Nineteenth». The Graduate Journal Vol. 7 (1967): 481-543.
Carroy, Jacqueline; Ohayon, Annick; Plas, Régine. Histoire de la psychologie en France XIXe – XXe siècles. Paris: La Découverte, 2006.
Chauncey, Mitchell. My Memories of Eighty Years. New York: Cosimo Classics.
Claeys, Gregory. «“Survival of the Fittest” and the Origins of Social Darwinism». Journal of the History of Ideas 2, Vol. 61(2000): 223-240.
Colella E. Paul. «The Geography of Strenuousness: America in William James’s Narrative of Moral Energy». Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society 1, Vol. 52(2016): 93-113.
Croce, Paul. «A Mannered Memory and Teachable Moment: William James and the French Correspondent in the Varieties». William James Studies, Vol. 4 (2009): 36-69.
Darwin, Charles. Life and letters of Charles Darwin. New York and London: D. Appleton and Company.
Darwin, Charles. On the origin of species by means of natural selection, or, The preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life. London: John Murray, 1859.
Daub, Edward E. «Entropy and Dissipation». Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences Vol. 2, (1970): 321-354.
Dooley, Patrick K. A Community of Inquiry. Ohio: The Kent State University Press, 2008.
Dooley, Patrick. «The Strenuous Mood: William James' “Energies in Men” and Jack London's “The Sea-Wolf”». American Literary Realism 1, Vol. 34 (2001):18-28.
Dunham, Jeremy. «Idealism, Pragmatism, and the Will to Believe: Charles Renouvier and William James». British Journal for the History of Philosophy 4, Vol. 23 (2019): 756-778.
Franzese, Sergio. The Ethics of Energy, William James’s Moral Philosophy in Focus. Frankfurt: Ontos Verlag, 2008.
Gael, Allen. Darwin. London: Longmans Green and Co., 1888.
Gale, Barry. «Darwin and the Concept of a Struggle for Existence: A Study in the Extrascientific Origins of Scientific Ideas». Isis 3, Vol. 63 (1972): 321-344.
Ghent, William. Our Benevolent Feudalism. New York: Macmillan, 1902.
Gillispie, Charles. The Edge of Objectivity. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1960.
Gray, Richard. A Brief History of American Literature. Oxford: England Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2011.
Gray, Richard. A History of American Literature. Oxford: England Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2004.
Hofstadter, Richard. Social Darwinism in American Thought: 1860-1915. New York: George Brazziler Inc., 1959.
James, William. «The Moral Equivalent of War». Consultada en febrero 19, 2018. https://www.uky.edu/~eushe2/Pajares/moral.html.
James, William. The Principles of Psychology. New York: Henry Hold ed., 1918,
James, William. The Varieties of Religious Experience. A Study in Human Nature. New York: Longmans, 1902.
James, William. The Will to Believe and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy. New York: Longmans, 1897.
James, William. The Will to Believe and Other Essays in Popular Philosophy, New York: Longmans, 1897.
Karpenko, Lara and Claggett, Shalyn Ed., Strange Science. Investigating the Limits of Knowledge in the Victorian Age. Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 2017.
Kragh, Helge S. «Cosmology and the entropic creation argument». Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 2, Vol. 37, (2007): 369-382.
Lekant, Todd. «The Marriage of Ideals and Strenuous Actions: Exploring William James' Account of Significant Life». Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society 4, Vol. 52 (2016): 576-597.
Lekant, Todd. «Strenuous Moral Living». William James Studies. Consultada en noviembre 11, 2021. https://williamjamesstudies.org/strenuous-moral-living/.
London, J. Sea Wolf. New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1904.
Lotka, Alfred J. «Evolution and Thermodynamics». Science & Society 2, Vol. 8, (1944):161-171.
Lutz, Tom. American Nervousness, 1903: An Anecdotal History. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991.
Lyell, Charles. Principles of Geology. London: John Murray, 1830-1833.
Malthus, Thomas. An Essay on the Principle of Population as It Affects the Future Improvement of Society, with Remarks on the Speculations of Mr. Godwin, M. Condorcet, and Other Writers. London: J. Johnson Ed., 1798.
Marcheti, Sarin. Ethics and Philosophical Critique in William James, Ireland: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.
Myers, Greg. «Nineteenth-Century Popularizations of Thermodynamics and the Rhetoric of Social Prophecy». Victorian Studies 1, Vol. 29, (1985): 35-66.
Newlin, Keith Ed. The Oxford Handbook of American Literary Naturalism. Oxford: Oxford Handbooks, 2011.
Nietzsche, Friedrich. Fragmentos póstumos. Madrid: Tecnos, 2008.
Norris, Franck. A Man's Woman, (The Project Gutenberg eBook, 2005), 2. consultada en enero 14, 2017. http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/16096.
Perry, R. Barton. The Thought and Character of William James. London: Oxford University Press, II vol.
Pizer, Donald (Ed.). The Cambridge Companion to American Realism and Naturalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Pizer, Donald. Twentieth-Century American Literary Naturalism: An Interpretation Southern. Illinois: University Press, 1982
Roosevelt, Theodore. Hunting Trips of a Ranchman. London: Kegan Paul Trench & Co., 1886.
Roosevelt, Theodore. Ranch Life and the Hunting-Trail, New York: Bonanza Books, 1978.
Royce, Josiah. William James, and Other Essays on The Philosophy of Fife. New York: The Macmillan company, 1912.
Shusterman, Richard. «Thought in the Strenuous Mood: Pragmatism as a Philosophy of Feeling». New Literary History 3, Vol. 43 (2012):433-454.
Spencer, Herbert. Data of Ethics. London: William and Norgate, 1870.
Spencer, Herbert. First principles. London: Watts and Co., 1946.
Spencer, Herbert. Principles of Biology. New York: Appleton and Company, 1896.
Spengler, Oswald. The Decline of the West. New York: Knopf, 1957.
Speziale, Marcia M. J. «Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr, Willima James, Theodore Roosevelt, and the strenuous life». Hein Online Vol. 13 (1980): 663-703.
Tarde, Gabriel. Les lois de l’imitation. Paris: Alcan, 1895.
Walcutt, Charles Child. American Literary Naturalism: A Divided Stream. Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota, 1956.
Wayne, Donald. «William James on Free Will: The French Connection». History of Philosophy Quarterly 1, Vol. 14 (1997): 29-52.
Wiener, Philip G. M. «Beard and Freud on 'American Nervousness'». Journal of the History of Ideas 2, Vol. 17 (1956): 269-274.
Wyllie, Irvin G. «Social Darwinism and the Businessman». Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 5, Vol. 103 (1959): 629-635.
Zola, Emile. Le Roman Expérimental. París: Ed. Garnier-Flammarion, 1971.
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