Psychometric Properties of PERMA Profiler Scale in Argentinian Adolescents
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Waigel, N. C., & Lemos, V. N. (2023). Psychometric Properties of PERMA Profiler Scale in Argentinian Adolescents. International Journal of Psychological Research, 16(1), 103–113. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.5737
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The editorial board reserves the right of amendments deemed necessary in the application of the rules of publication.
To give up copyright, the authors allow that, International Journal of Psychological Research, distribute the work more broadly, check for the reuse by others and take care of the necessary procedures for the registration and administration of copyright; at the same time, our editorial board represents the interests of the author and allows authors to re-use his work in various forms. In response to the above, authors transfer copyright to the journal, International Journal of Psychological Research. This transfer does not imply other rights which are not those of authorship (for example those that concern about patents). Likewise, preserves the authors rights to use the work integral or partially in lectures, books and courses, as well as make copies for educational purposes. Finally, the authors may use freely the tables and figures in its future work, wherever make explicit reference to the previous publication in International Journal of Psychological Research. The assignment of copyright includes both virtual rights and forms of the article to allow the editorial to disseminate the work in the manner which it deems appropriate.
The editorial board reserves the right of amendments deemed necessary in the application of the rules of publication.
Abstract
Aim. To adapt and validate the PERMA Profiler Scale (Butler & Kern, 2016) for Argentinian adolescents. Method. The items were reviewed by 6 expert judges and 21 adolescents. The sample consisted of 421 adolescents (M = 14.9; SD = 1.75). The content validity and the discrimination capacity of the items were assessed. Afterwards, the structure of the scale was analyzed, as well as the internal consistency and the concurrent validity. Results. All the items obtained an Aiken’s V between .8 and 1 and were discriminatory. The factor analysis confirmed the five-dimension structure (CF I = .94, T LI = .92; RMSEA = .08, SRMR = .04). An Alpha of .92 was obtained for the full scale and satisfactory levels were obtained for the subscales. The correlations for concurrent validity were significant and in line with what was theoretically expected. Conclusion. This adaptation enables the assessment of flourishing in a practical way.
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References
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Aiken, Lewis (2003). Test psicológicos y evaluación [Psychological tests and evaluation]. Mexico: Pearson Education.
Ato, M., Benavente, A., & Lopez, J. J. (2006). Analisis comparativo de tres enfoques para evaluar el acuerdo entre observadores [Comparative analysis of three approaches to assess the agreement between observers]. Psicothema, 18(3), 638 – 645.
Bandalos, D.L., & Finney, S.J. (2010). Factor analysis: Exploratory and confirmatory. In G.R. Hancock & R.O. Mueller (Eds.), The reviewer’s guide to quantitative methods in the Social Sciences (pp. 93-114). New York: Routledge.
Ben-Arieh, A., Casas, F., Frønes, I., & Korbin, J. E. (2014). Multifaceted concept of child well-being. Handbook of child well-being, 1, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9063-8_134
Brassai, L., Piko, B. F., & Steger, M. F. (2011). Meaning in life: Is it a protective factor for adolescents’ psychological health?. International journal of behavioral medicine, 18(1), 44-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-010-9089-6
Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 1-48. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v6i3.526
Castro Solano, A. (2000). Estilos de personalidad, objetivos de vida y satisfacción vital. Un estudio comparativo con adolescentes argentinos [Personality styles, life goals and vital satisfaction: A comparative study with Argentinian adolescents]. Tesis Doctoral. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. España.
Cobo-Rendón, R., Pérez-Villalobos, M. V., & Díaz-Mujica, A. (2020). Propiedades psicométricas del PERMA-Profiler para la medición del bienestar en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios chilenos [Pyschometric properties of PERMA-Profiler for the measuring of well-being in a sample of Chilean university students]. Revista Ciencias de la Salud, 18(1), 119-133. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.8775
Cupani, M. (2012). Análisis de Ecuaciones Estructurales: conceptos, etapas de desarrollo y un ejemplo de aplicación [Analysis of Structural Equations: concepts, developmental stages and an example of administration]. Revista tesis, 1(1), 186-199.
Davis, L. L., Fowler, S. A., Best, L. A., & Both, L. E. (2020). The role of body image in the prediction of life satisfaction and flourishing in men and women. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(2), 505-524. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00093-y
Demirci, İ., Ekşi, H., Dinçer, D., & Kardaş, S. (2017). Beş boyutlu iyi oluş modeli: PERMA ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirliği. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 5(1), 60-77. https://doi.org/10.12738/spc.2017.1.0022
Diener, E., & Emmons, R. A. (1984). The independence of positive and negative affect. Journal of personality and social psychology, 47(5), 1105-1117. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.47.5.1105
Diener, E., Heintzelman, S. J., Kushlev, K., Tay, L., Wirtz, D., Lutes, L. D., & Oishi, S. (2017). Findings all psychologists should know from the new science on subjective well-being. Canadian Psychology/psychologie canadienne, 58(2), 87-103. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000063
Disabato, D. J., Goodman, F. R., Kashdan, T. B., Short, J. L., & Jarden, A. (2016). Different types of well-being? A cross-cultural examination of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Psychological assessment, 28(5), 471. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000209
Giangrasso, B. (2021). Psychometric properties of the PERMA-Profiler as hedonic and eudaimonic well-being measure in an Italian context. Current Psychology, 40(3), 1175-1184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-0040-3
Giménez, M., Vázquez, C., y Hervás, G. (2010). El análisis de las fortalezas psicológicas en la adolescencia: Más allá de los modelos de vulnerabilidad [The analysis of psychological strengths in adolescence: Beyond the models of vulnerability]. Psychology, Society y Education, 2, 97-116. https://doi.org/10.25115/psye.v2i2.438
Góngora, V., & Solano, A. C. (2011). Validación del Cuestionario de Significado de la Vida MLQ en población adulta y adolescente argentina [Validation of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire in Argentinian adult and adolescent population]. Revista Interamericana de Psicología/Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 45(3), 395-404.
Goodman, F. R., Disabato, D. J., Kashdan, T. B., & Kauffman, S. B. (2018). Measuring well-being: A comparison of subjective well-being and PERMA. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 321-332. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.1388434
Greiff, S., & Heene, M. (2017). Why psychological assessment needs to start worrying about model fit. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 33, 313–317. doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000450
Houghton, S., Hattie, J., Carroll, A., Wood, L., & Baffour, B. (2016). It hurts to be lonely! Loneliness and positive mental wellbeing in Australian rural and urban adolescents. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 26(1), 52-67.
Huppert, F. A. (2014). The state of wellbeing science. Concepts, measures, interventions, and policies: UK John Wiley & Sons.
Huta, V., & Waterman, A. S. (2014). Eudaimonia and its distinction from hedonia: Developing a classification and terminology for understanding conceptual and operational definitions. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15(6), 1425-1456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9485-0
Kern, M. L., Benson, L., Steinberg, E. A., & Steinberg, L. (2016). The EPOCH measure of adolescent well-being. Psychological assessment, 28(5), 586-597. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000201
Khaw, D., & Kern, M. (2014). A cross-cultural comparison of the PERMA model of well-being. Undergraduate Journal of Psychology at Berkeley, University of California, 8(1), 10-23.
Kim, J., LaRose, R., & Peng, W. (2009). Loneliness as the cause and the effect of problematic Internet use: The relationship between Internet use and psychological well-being. Cyberpsychology & behavior, 12(4), 451-455.
Kline, R. B. (2011). Convergence of structural equation modeling and multilevel modeling.
Krok, D. (2018). When is meaning in life most beneficial to young people? Styles of meaning in life and well-being among late adolescents. Journal of Adult Development, 25(2), 96-106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-017-9280-y
Le Nguyen, K. D., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2017). Positive emotions and well-being. In Positive Psychology (pp. 29-45). Routledge.
Longo, Y., Coyne, I., Joseph, S., & Gustavsson, P. (2016). Support for a general factor of well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 100, 68-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.082
Martínez Arias, R. P. (2005). Teoría de los test psicológicos y educativos [Theory of psychological and educational tests]. España. Síntesis, 237-328.
Meier, L. K., & Oros, L. B. (2019). Adaptación y análisis psicométrico de las escalas de bienestar psicológico de Ryff en adolescentes argentinos [Adaptation and psychometric analysis of Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Scale in Argentinian Adolescents]. Psykhe (Santiago), 28(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.7764/psykhe.27.2.1169
Montero, I., & León, O. G. (2007). A guide for naming research studies in Psychology. International Journal of clinical and Health psychology, 7(3), 847-862.
Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). (2016). Mental health: Strengthening our response. (Fact Sheet). http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs220/en/.
Pezirkianidis, C., Stalikas, A., Lakioti, A., & Yotsidi, V. (2019). Validating a multidimensional measure of wellbeing in Greece: Translation, factor structure, and measurement invariance of the PERMA Profiler. Current Psychology, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00236-7
Ronka, A.R., Rautio, A., Koiranen, M., Sunnari, V., & Taanila, A. (2014). Experience ¨ of loneliness among adolescent girls and boys: Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 Study. Journal of Youth Studies, 17, 183–203.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual review of psychology, 52(1), 141-166. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141
Savi-Çakar, F., & Savi-Karayol, S. (2015). The impact of body image and self-esteem on Turkish adolescents’ subjective well-being. Psychology, 5(9), 536-551. https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5542/2015.09.005
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness studies, 3(1), 71-92. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1015630930326
Seligman, M. (2018). PERMA and the building blocks of well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 333-335. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2018.1437466
Seligman, M. E. (2011). Flourish: a visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Policy, 27(3), 60-1.
Singh, K., & Raina, M. (2020). Demographic correlates and validation of PERMA and WEMWBS scales in Indian adolescents. Child Indicators Research, 13(4), 1175-1186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-019-09655-1
Vera-Villarroel, P., Urzúa M, A., Silva, J. R., Pavez, P., & Celis-Atenas, K. (2013). Escala de bienestar de Ryff: análisis comparativo de los modelos teóricos en distintos grupos de edad [Ryff’s Well-being Scale: comparative analysis of the theoretical models in different age groups]. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 26, 106-112. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-79722013000100012
Wammerl, M., Jaunig, J., Mairunteregger, T., & Streit, P. (2019). The German version of the PERMA-Profiler: evidence for construct and convergent validity of the PERMA theory of well-being in German speaking countries. Journal of Well-Being Assessment, 3(2), 75-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41543-019-00021-0
Watanabe, K., Kawakami, N., Shiotani, T., Adachi, H., Matsumoto, K., Imamura, K., ... & Kern, M. L. (2018). The Japanese Workplace PERMA-Profiler: a validation study among Japanese workers. Journal of occupational health. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.2018-0050-oa
Witten, H., Savahl, S., & Adams, S. (2019). Adolescent flourishing: A systematic review. Cogent Psychology, 6(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2019.1640341
Wolbert, L. S., de Ruyter, D. J., & Schinkel, A. (2015). Formal criteria for the concept of human flourishing: The first step in defending flourishing as an ideal aim of education. Ethics and Education, 10(1), 118-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449642.2014.998032
Aiken, Lewis (2003). Test psicológicos y evaluación [Psychological tests and evaluation]. Mexico: Pearson Education.
Ato, M., Benavente, A., & Lopez, J. J. (2006). Analisis comparativo de tres enfoques para evaluar el acuerdo entre observadores [Comparative analysis of three approaches to assess the agreement between observers]. Psicothema, 18(3), 638 – 645.
Bandalos, D.L., & Finney, S.J. (2010). Factor analysis: Exploratory and confirmatory. In G.R. Hancock & R.O. Mueller (Eds.), The reviewer’s guide to quantitative methods in the Social Sciences (pp. 93-114). New York: Routledge.
Ben-Arieh, A., Casas, F., Frønes, I., & Korbin, J. E. (2014). Multifaceted concept of child well-being. Handbook of child well-being, 1, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9063-8_134
Brassai, L., Piko, B. F., & Steger, M. F. (2011). Meaning in life: Is it a protective factor for adolescents’ psychological health?. International journal of behavioral medicine, 18(1), 44-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-010-9089-6
Butler, J., & Kern, M. L. (2016). The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 6(3), 1-48. https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v6i3.526
Castro Solano, A. (2000). Estilos de personalidad, objetivos de vida y satisfacción vital. Un estudio comparativo con adolescentes argentinos [Personality styles, life goals and vital satisfaction: A comparative study with Argentinian adolescents]. Tesis Doctoral. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. España.
Cobo-Rendón, R., Pérez-Villalobos, M. V., & Díaz-Mujica, A. (2020). Propiedades psicométricas del PERMA-Profiler para la medición del bienestar en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios chilenos [Pyschometric properties of PERMA-Profiler for the measuring of well-being in a sample of Chilean university students]. Revista Ciencias de la Salud, 18(1), 119-133. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.8775
Cupani, M. (2012). Análisis de Ecuaciones Estructurales: conceptos, etapas de desarrollo y un ejemplo de aplicación [Analysis of Structural Equations: concepts, developmental stages and an example of administration]. Revista tesis, 1(1), 186-199.
Davis, L. L., Fowler, S. A., Best, L. A., & Both, L. E. (2020). The role of body image in the prediction of life satisfaction and flourishing in men and women. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(2), 505-524. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00093-y
Demirci, İ., Ekşi, H., Dinçer, D., & Kardaş, S. (2017). Beş boyutlu iyi oluş modeli: PERMA ölçeği Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirliği. The Journal of Happiness & Well-Being, 5(1), 60-77. https://doi.org/10.12738/spc.2017.1.0022
Diener, E., & Emmons, R. A. (1984). The independence of positive and negative affect. Journal of personality and social psychology, 47(5), 1105-1117. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.47.5.1105
Diener, E., Heintzelman, S. J., Kushlev, K., Tay, L., Wirtz, D., Lutes, L. D., & Oishi, S. (2017). Findings all psychologists should know from the new science on subjective well-being. Canadian Psychology/psychologie canadienne, 58(2), 87-103. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000063
Disabato, D. J., Goodman, F. R., Kashdan, T. B., Short, J. L., & Jarden, A. (2016). Different types of well-being? A cross-cultural examination of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Psychological assessment, 28(5), 471. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000209
Giangrasso, B. (2021). Psychometric properties of the PERMA-Profiler as hedonic and eudaimonic well-being measure in an Italian context. Current Psychology, 40(3), 1175-1184. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-0040-3
Giménez, M., Vázquez, C., y Hervás, G. (2010). El análisis de las fortalezas psicológicas en la adolescencia: Más allá de los modelos de vulnerabilidad [The analysis of psychological strengths in adolescence: Beyond the models of vulnerability]. Psychology, Society y Education, 2, 97-116. https://doi.org/10.25115/psye.v2i2.438
Góngora, V., & Solano, A. C. (2011). Validación del Cuestionario de Significado de la Vida MLQ en población adulta y adolescente argentina [Validation of the Meaning in Life Questionnaire in Argentinian adult and adolescent population]. Revista Interamericana de Psicología/Interamerican Journal of Psychology, 45(3), 395-404.
Goodman, F. R., Disabato, D. J., Kashdan, T. B., & Kauffman, S. B. (2018). Measuring well-being: A comparison of subjective well-being and PERMA. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 321-332. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2017.1388434
Greiff, S., & Heene, M. (2017). Why psychological assessment needs to start worrying about model fit. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 33, 313–317. doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000450
Houghton, S., Hattie, J., Carroll, A., Wood, L., & Baffour, B. (2016). It hurts to be lonely! Loneliness and positive mental wellbeing in Australian rural and urban adolescents. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 26(1), 52-67.
Huppert, F. A. (2014). The state of wellbeing science. Concepts, measures, interventions, and policies: UK John Wiley & Sons.
Huta, V., & Waterman, A. S. (2014). Eudaimonia and its distinction from hedonia: Developing a classification and terminology for understanding conceptual and operational definitions. Journal of Happiness Studies, 15(6), 1425-1456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-013-9485-0
Kern, M. L., Benson, L., Steinberg, E. A., & Steinberg, L. (2016). The EPOCH measure of adolescent well-being. Psychological assessment, 28(5), 586-597. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000201
Khaw, D., & Kern, M. (2014). A cross-cultural comparison of the PERMA model of well-being. Undergraduate Journal of Psychology at Berkeley, University of California, 8(1), 10-23.
Kim, J., LaRose, R., & Peng, W. (2009). Loneliness as the cause and the effect of problematic Internet use: The relationship between Internet use and psychological well-being. Cyberpsychology & behavior, 12(4), 451-455.
Kline, R. B. (2011). Convergence of structural equation modeling and multilevel modeling.
Krok, D. (2018). When is meaning in life most beneficial to young people? Styles of meaning in life and well-being among late adolescents. Journal of Adult Development, 25(2), 96-106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-017-9280-y
Le Nguyen, K. D., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2017). Positive emotions and well-being. In Positive Psychology (pp. 29-45). Routledge.
Longo, Y., Coyne, I., Joseph, S., & Gustavsson, P. (2016). Support for a general factor of well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 100, 68-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.082
Martínez Arias, R. P. (2005). Teoría de los test psicológicos y educativos [Theory of psychological and educational tests]. España. Síntesis, 237-328.
Meier, L. K., & Oros, L. B. (2019). Adaptación y análisis psicométrico de las escalas de bienestar psicológico de Ryff en adolescentes argentinos [Adaptation and psychometric analysis of Ryff’s Psychological Well-being Scale in Argentinian Adolescents]. Psykhe (Santiago), 28(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.7764/psykhe.27.2.1169
Montero, I., & León, O. G. (2007). A guide for naming research studies in Psychology. International Journal of clinical and Health psychology, 7(3), 847-862.
Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS). (2016). Mental health: Strengthening our response. (Fact Sheet). http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs220/en/.
Pezirkianidis, C., Stalikas, A., Lakioti, A., & Yotsidi, V. (2019). Validating a multidimensional measure of wellbeing in Greece: Translation, factor structure, and measurement invariance of the PERMA Profiler. Current Psychology, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00236-7
Ronka, A.R., Rautio, A., Koiranen, M., Sunnari, V., & Taanila, A. (2014). Experience ¨ of loneliness among adolescent girls and boys: Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 Study. Journal of Youth Studies, 17, 183–203.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual review of psychology, 52(1), 141-166. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141
Savi-Çakar, F., & Savi-Karayol, S. (2015). The impact of body image and self-esteem on Turkish adolescents’ subjective well-being. Psychology, 5(9), 536-551. https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5542/2015.09.005
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness studies, 3(1), 71-92. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1015630930326
Seligman, M. (2018). PERMA and the building blocks of well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(4), 333-335. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2018.1437466
Seligman, M. E. (2011). Flourish: a visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Policy, 27(3), 60-1.
Singh, K., & Raina, M. (2020). Demographic correlates and validation of PERMA and WEMWBS scales in Indian adolescents. Child Indicators Research, 13(4), 1175-1186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-019-09655-1
Vera-Villarroel, P., Urzúa M, A., Silva, J. R., Pavez, P., & Celis-Atenas, K. (2013). Escala de bienestar de Ryff: análisis comparativo de los modelos teóricos en distintos grupos de edad [Ryff’s Well-being Scale: comparative analysis of the theoretical models in different age groups]. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 26, 106-112. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-79722013000100012
Wammerl, M., Jaunig, J., Mairunteregger, T., & Streit, P. (2019). The German version of the PERMA-Profiler: evidence for construct and convergent validity of the PERMA theory of well-being in German speaking countries. Journal of Well-Being Assessment, 3(2), 75-96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41543-019-00021-0
Watanabe, K., Kawakami, N., Shiotani, T., Adachi, H., Matsumoto, K., Imamura, K., ... & Kern, M. L. (2018). The Japanese Workplace PERMA-Profiler: a validation study among Japanese workers. Journal of occupational health. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.2018-0050-oa
Witten, H., Savahl, S., & Adams, S. (2019). Adolescent flourishing: A systematic review. Cogent Psychology, 6(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2019.1640341
Wolbert, L. S., de Ruyter, D. J., & Schinkel, A. (2015). Formal criteria for the concept of human flourishing: The first step in defending flourishing as an ideal aim of education. Ethics and Education, 10(1), 118-129. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449642.2014.998032
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