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T Mendoza, E., Villada, M., & Velasquez Martinez, M. C. (2024). Voluntary Ethanol Intake and Anxiety Behavior in Wistar-Uis Rats. International Journal of Psychological Research, 17(1), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.7060
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The editorial board reserves the right of amendments deemed necessary in the application of the rules of publication.
To give up copyright, the authors allow that, International Journal of Psychological Research, distribute the work more broadly, check for the reuse by others and take care of the necessary procedures for the registration and administration of copyright; at the same time, our editorial board represents the interests of the author and allows authors to re-use his work in various forms. In response to the above, authors transfer copyright to the journal, International Journal of Psychological Research. This transfer does not imply other rights which are not those of authorship (for example those that concern about patents). Likewise, preserves the authors rights to use the work integral or partially in lectures, books and courses, as well as make copies for educational purposes. Finally, the authors may use freely the tables and figures in its future work, wherever make explicit reference to the previous publication in International Journal of Psychological Research. The assignment of copyright includes both virtual rights and forms of the article to allow the editorial to disseminate the work in the manner which it deems appropriate.
The editorial board reserves the right of amendments deemed necessary in the application of the rules of publication.
Abstract
Ethanol consumption is among the first five substances with higher risk associated with diseases, disability, and death in the world. Anxiety behavior has been linked to ethanol-addictive conduct. The aim of the present study
was to evaluate three strains with differential anxiety behavior: a Wild-type strain; a “Reactive” strain, with an increase in anxiety-related behaviors; and a “Non-Reactive” strain, with lower anxiety-related behaviors, before and
after the voluntary consumption of ethanol (10%) protocol. To evaluate anxiety, animals were exposed to the elevated plus-maze 24 h before and after the consumption protocol. On the voluntary consumption of ethanol protocol, the animals were exposed to a water and an ethanol bottle. The
weight of the liquid consumed daily for 40 days was registered. Results: all strains increased ethanol vs water consumption: Wild-type: day 8; R: day 10; NR: day 31. Ethanol consumption reduced the number and percentage
of open arms entries only on the Wild-type strain. Conclusion: anxiety can predispose to an increase in ethanol consumption and to the maintenance of
anxiety-related behaviors.
Keywords:
References
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Bell, R. L., Hauser, S., Rodd, Z. A., Liang, T., Sari, Y., McClintick, J., . . . Engleman, E. A. (2016). A Genetic Animal Model of Alcoholism for Screening Medications to Treat Addiction. Int Rev Neurobiol, 126, 179-261. doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2016.02.017
Briand, L. A., & Blendy, J. A. (2010). Molecular and genetic substrates linking stress and addiction. Brain Res, 1314, 219-234. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.11.002
Carnicella S, Ron D, Barak S. Intermittent ethanol access schedule in rats as a preclinical model of alcohol abuse. Alcohol. 2014 May;48(3):243-52. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2014.01.006. Epub 2014 Mar 15. PMID: 24721195; PMCID: PMC4102254.
Chappell, A. M., Carter, E., McCool, B. A., & Weiner, J. L. (2013). Adolescent rearing conditions influence the relationship between initial anxiety-like behavior and ethanol drinking in male Long Evans rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 37 Suppl 1(Suppl 1), E394-403. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01926.x
Cippitelli, A., Damadzic, R., Singley, E., Thorsell, A., Ciccocioppo, R., Eskay, R. L., & Heilig, M. (2012). Pharmacological blockade of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRH1R) reduces voluntary consumption of high alcohol concentrations in non-dependent Wistar rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 100(3), 522-529. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.10.016
Conde C, T. C. (2000). PROSTCOM: Un conjunto de programas para registro y procesamiento de datos comportamentales en investigaciones de fisiologiay farmacologia. Biotemas, 13, 14.
Dharavath RN, Pina-Leblanc C, Tang VM, Sloan ME, Nikolova YS, Pangarov P, Ruocco AC, Shield K, Voineskos D, Blumberger DM, Boileau I, Bozinoff N, Gerretsen P, Vieira E, Melamed OC, Sibille E, Quilty LC and Prevot TD (2023) GABAergic signaling in alcohol use disorder and withdrawal: pathological involvement and therapeutic potential. Front. Neural Circuits 17:1218737. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1218737
Ericson, M., Molander, A., Lof, E., Engel, J. A., & Soderpalm, B. (2003). Ethanol elevates accumbal dopamine levels via indirect activation of ventral tegmental nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Eur J Pharmacol, 467(1-3), 85-93. doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01564-4
Ewin SE, Morgan JW, Niere F, McMullen NP, Barth SH, Almonte AG, Raab-Graham KF, Weiner JL. Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Exposure Selectively Increases Synaptic Excitability in the Ventral Domain of the Rat Hippocampus. Neuroscience. 2019 Feb 1;398:144-157. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.028. Epub 2018 Nov 24. PMID: 30481568; PMCID: PMC6658135.
George, O., Sanders, C., Freiling, J., Grigoryan, E., Vu, S., Allen, C. D., . . . Koob, G. F. (2012). Recruitment of medial prefrontal cortex neurons during alcohol withdrawal predicts cognitive impairment and excessive alcohol drinking. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 109(44), 18156-18161. doi:10.1073/pnas.1116523109
Goodwin, F. L., Bergeron, N., & Amit, Z. (2000). Differences in the consumption of ethanol and flavored solutions in three strains of rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 65(3), 357-362. doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(99)00222-1
Izidio, G. S., & Ramos, A. (2007). Positive association between ethanol consumption and anxiety-related behaviors in two selected rat lines. Alcohol, 41(7), 517-524. doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2007.07.008
Kim, A. K., & Souza-Formigoni, M. L. (2013). Alpha1-adrenergic drugs affect the development and expression of ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization. Behavioural Brain Research, 256, 646-654. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.09.015
Koob, G. F. (2006). The neurobiology of addiction: a neuroadaptational view relevant for diagnosis. Addiction, 101 Suppl 1, 23-30. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01586.x
Koob, G. F., & Le Moal, M. (2008). Review. Neurobiological mechanisms for opponent motivational processes in addiction. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 363(1507), 3113-3123. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0094
Koob, G. F., & Volkow, N. D. (2016). Neurobiology of addiction: a neurocircuitry analysis. Lancet Psychiatry, 3(8), 760-773. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(16)00104-8
Kushner MG, A. K., Borchardt C. (2000). The relationship between anxiety disorders and alcohol use disorders: a review of major perspectives and findings. Clin Psychol Rev, 20(2), 52. doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(99)00027-6
Marballi, K., Genabai, N. K., Blednov, Y. A., Harris, R. A., & Ponomarev, I. (2016). Alcohol consumption induces global gene expression changes in VTA dopaminergic neurons. Genes Brain Behav, 15(3), 318-326. doi:10.1111/gbb.12266
McCool, B. A. (2011). Ethanol modulation of synaptic plasticity. Neuropharmacology, 61(7), 1097-1108. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.12.028
Melis, M., Diana, M., Enrico, P., Marinelli, M., & Brodie, M. S. (2009). Ethanol and acetaldehyde action on central dopamine systems: mechanisms, modulation, and relationship to stress. Alcohol, 43(7), 531-539. doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2009.05.004
Morales M, McGinnis MM, Robinson SL, Chappell AM, McCool BA. Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Exposure Modulation of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in Rat Lateral/Basolateral Amygdala is Duration-, Input-, and Sex-Dependent. Neuroscience. 2018 Feb 10;371:277-287. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.12.005. Epub 2017 Dec 10. PMID: 29237566; PMCID: PMC5809207.
Mrejeru, A., Marti-Prats, L., Avegno, E. M., Harrison, N. L., & Sulzer, D. (2015). A subset of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons responds to acute ethanol. Neuroscience, 290, 649-658. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.12.081
Munier, J. J., Shen, S., Rahal, D., Hanna, A., Marty, V. N., O'Neill, P. R., . . . Spigelman, I. (2023). Chronic intermittent ethanol exposure disrupts stress-related tripartite communication to impact affect-related behavioral selection in male rats. Neurobiol Stress, 24, 100539. doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100539
Pan American Health Organization. Regional Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2020. Washington, D.C.: Pan American Health Organization; 2020.
Pautassi, R. M., Camarini, R., Quadros, I. M., Miczek, K. A., & Israel, Y. (2010). Genetic and environmental influences on ethanol consumption: perspectives from preclinical research. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 34(6), 976-987. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01172.x
Peregud D, Stepanichev M, Gulyaeva N. Drinking Pattern in Intermittent Access Two-Bottle-Choice Paradigm in Male Wistar Rats Is Associated with Exon-Specific BDNF Expression in the Hippocampus During Early Abstinence. J Mol Neurosci. 2021 Feb;71(2):262-275. doi: 10.1007/s12031-020-01645-1. Epub 2020 Jun 26. PMID: 32588398.
Popovic, M., Caballero-Bleda, M., Puelles, L., & Guerri, C. (2004). Multiple binge alcohol consumption during rat adolescence increases anxiety but does not impair retention in the passive avoidance task. Neurosci Lett, 357(2), 79-82. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2003.10.046
Rimondini, R., Sommer, W., & Heilig, M. (2003). A temporal threshold for induction of persistent alcohol preference: behavioral evidence in a rat model of intermittent intoxication. J Stud Alcohol, 64(4), 445-449. doi:10.15288/jsa.2003.64.445
Ron, D., & Barak, S. (2016). Molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol-drinking behaviours. Nat Rev Neurosci, 17(9), 576-591. doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.85
Sanchez-Catalan, M. J., Kaufling, J., Georges, F., Veinante, P., & Barrot, M. (2014). The antero-posterior heterogeneity of the ventral tegmental area. Neuroscience, 282, 198-216. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.09.025
Simms, J. A., Steensland, P., Medina, B., Abernathy, K. E., Chandler, L. J., Wise, R., & Bartlett, S. E. (2008). Intermittent access to 20% ethanol induces high ethanol consumption in Long-Evans and Wistar rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 32(10), 1816-1823. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00753.x
Skelly, M. J., Chappell, A. E., Carter, E., & Weiner, J. L. (2015). Adolescent social isolation increases anxiety-like behavior and ethanol intake and impairs fear extinction in adulthood: Possible role of disrupted noradrenergic signaling. Neuropharmacology, 97, 149-159. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.05.025
Skelly, M. J., & Weiner, J. L. (2014). Chronic treatment with prazosin or duloxetine lessens concurrent anxiety-like behavior and alcohol intake: evidence of disrupted noradrenergic signaling in anxiety-related alcohol use. Brain Behav, 4(4), 468-483. doi:10.1002/brb3.230
Van Skike, C. E., Diaz-Granados, J. L., & Matthews, D. B. (2015). Chronic intermittent ethanol exposure produces persistent anxiety in adolescent and adult rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 39(2), 262-271. doi:10.1111/acer.12617
Van Skike, C. E., Maggio, S. E., Reynolds, A. R., Casey, E. M., Bardo, M. T., Dwoskin, L. P., . . . Nixon, K. (2016). Critical needs in drug discovery for cessation of alcohol and nicotine polysubstance abuse. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 65, 269-287. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.11.004
Varodayan, F. P., Patel, R. R., Matzeu, A., Wolfe, S. A., Curley, D. E., Khom, S., . . . Roberto, M. (2022). The Amygdala Noradrenergic System Is Compromised With Alcohol Use Disorder. Biol Psychiatry, 91(12), 1008-1018. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.006
World Health Organization. Global status report on alcohol and health 2018. World Health Organization; 2018.
Wscieklica, T., Le Sueur-Maluf, L., Prearo, L., Conte, R., Viana, M. B., & Cespedes, I. C. (2019). Chronic intermittent ethanol administration differentially alters DeltaFosB immunoreactivity in cortical-limbic structures of rats with high and low alcohol preference. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, 45(3), 264-275. doi:10.1080/00952990.2019.1569667
Adermark, L., Jonsson, S., Ericson, M., & Soderpalm, B. (2011). Intermittent ethanol consumption depresses endocannabinoid-signaling in the dorsolateral striatum of rats. Neuropharmacology, 61(7), 1160-1165. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.01.014
Baez, A., Ayala JA., Conde CA. (2001). Evaluacion comportamental comparativa por genero y seleccion genetica de ratas expuestas al laberinto en cruz elevado. Salud UIS, 33(3), 197-202.
Bell, R. L., Hauser, S., Rodd, Z. A., Liang, T., Sari, Y., McClintick, J., . . . Engleman, E. A. (2016). A Genetic Animal Model of Alcoholism for Screening Medications to Treat Addiction. Int Rev Neurobiol, 126, 179-261. doi:10.1016/bs.irn.2016.02.017
Briand, L. A., & Blendy, J. A. (2010). Molecular and genetic substrates linking stress and addiction. Brain Res, 1314, 219-234. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.11.002
Carnicella S, Ron D, Barak S. Intermittent ethanol access schedule in rats as a preclinical model of alcohol abuse. Alcohol. 2014 May;48(3):243-52. doi: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2014.01.006. Epub 2014 Mar 15. PMID: 24721195; PMCID: PMC4102254.
Chappell, A. M., Carter, E., McCool, B. A., & Weiner, J. L. (2013). Adolescent rearing conditions influence the relationship between initial anxiety-like behavior and ethanol drinking in male Long Evans rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 37 Suppl 1(Suppl 1), E394-403. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01926.x
Cippitelli, A., Damadzic, R., Singley, E., Thorsell, A., Ciccocioppo, R., Eskay, R. L., & Heilig, M. (2012). Pharmacological blockade of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRH1R) reduces voluntary consumption of high alcohol concentrations in non-dependent Wistar rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 100(3), 522-529. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.10.016
Conde C, T. C. (2000). PROSTCOM: Un conjunto de programas para registro y procesamiento de datos comportamentales en investigaciones de fisiologiay farmacologia. Biotemas, 13, 14.
Dharavath RN, Pina-Leblanc C, Tang VM, Sloan ME, Nikolova YS, Pangarov P, Ruocco AC, Shield K, Voineskos D, Blumberger DM, Boileau I, Bozinoff N, Gerretsen P, Vieira E, Melamed OC, Sibille E, Quilty LC and Prevot TD (2023) GABAergic signaling in alcohol use disorder and withdrawal: pathological involvement and therapeutic potential. Front. Neural Circuits 17:1218737. doi: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1218737
Ericson, M., Molander, A., Lof, E., Engel, J. A., & Soderpalm, B. (2003). Ethanol elevates accumbal dopamine levels via indirect activation of ventral tegmental nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Eur J Pharmacol, 467(1-3), 85-93. doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01564-4
Ewin SE, Morgan JW, Niere F, McMullen NP, Barth SH, Almonte AG, Raab-Graham KF, Weiner JL. Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Exposure Selectively Increases Synaptic Excitability in the Ventral Domain of the Rat Hippocampus. Neuroscience. 2019 Feb 1;398:144-157. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.028. Epub 2018 Nov 24. PMID: 30481568; PMCID: PMC6658135.
George, O., Sanders, C., Freiling, J., Grigoryan, E., Vu, S., Allen, C. D., . . . Koob, G. F. (2012). Recruitment of medial prefrontal cortex neurons during alcohol withdrawal predicts cognitive impairment and excessive alcohol drinking. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 109(44), 18156-18161. doi:10.1073/pnas.1116523109
Goodwin, F. L., Bergeron, N., & Amit, Z. (2000). Differences in the consumption of ethanol and flavored solutions in three strains of rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav, 65(3), 357-362. doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(99)00222-1
Izidio, G. S., & Ramos, A. (2007). Positive association between ethanol consumption and anxiety-related behaviors in two selected rat lines. Alcohol, 41(7), 517-524. doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2007.07.008
Kim, A. K., & Souza-Formigoni, M. L. (2013). Alpha1-adrenergic drugs affect the development and expression of ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization. Behavioural Brain Research, 256, 646-654. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.09.015
Koob, G. F. (2006). The neurobiology of addiction: a neuroadaptational view relevant for diagnosis. Addiction, 101 Suppl 1, 23-30. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01586.x
Koob, G. F., & Le Moal, M. (2008). Review. Neurobiological mechanisms for opponent motivational processes in addiction. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 363(1507), 3113-3123. doi:10.1098/rstb.2008.0094
Koob, G. F., & Volkow, N. D. (2016). Neurobiology of addiction: a neurocircuitry analysis. Lancet Psychiatry, 3(8), 760-773. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(16)00104-8
Kushner MG, A. K., Borchardt C. (2000). The relationship between anxiety disorders and alcohol use disorders: a review of major perspectives and findings. Clin Psychol Rev, 20(2), 52. doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(99)00027-6
Marballi, K., Genabai, N. K., Blednov, Y. A., Harris, R. A., & Ponomarev, I. (2016). Alcohol consumption induces global gene expression changes in VTA dopaminergic neurons. Genes Brain Behav, 15(3), 318-326. doi:10.1111/gbb.12266
McCool, B. A. (2011). Ethanol modulation of synaptic plasticity. Neuropharmacology, 61(7), 1097-1108. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.12.028
Melis, M., Diana, M., Enrico, P., Marinelli, M., & Brodie, M. S. (2009). Ethanol and acetaldehyde action on central dopamine systems: mechanisms, modulation, and relationship to stress. Alcohol, 43(7), 531-539. doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2009.05.004
Morales M, McGinnis MM, Robinson SL, Chappell AM, McCool BA. Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Exposure Modulation of Glutamatergic Neurotransmission in Rat Lateral/Basolateral Amygdala is Duration-, Input-, and Sex-Dependent. Neuroscience. 2018 Feb 10;371:277-287. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.12.005. Epub 2017 Dec 10. PMID: 29237566; PMCID: PMC5809207.
Mrejeru, A., Marti-Prats, L., Avegno, E. M., Harrison, N. L., & Sulzer, D. (2015). A subset of ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons responds to acute ethanol. Neuroscience, 290, 649-658. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.12.081
Munier, J. J., Shen, S., Rahal, D., Hanna, A., Marty, V. N., O'Neill, P. R., . . . Spigelman, I. (2023). Chronic intermittent ethanol exposure disrupts stress-related tripartite communication to impact affect-related behavioral selection in male rats. Neurobiol Stress, 24, 100539. doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100539
Pan American Health Organization. Regional Status Report on Alcohol and Health 2020. Washington, D.C.: Pan American Health Organization; 2020.
Pautassi, R. M., Camarini, R., Quadros, I. M., Miczek, K. A., & Israel, Y. (2010). Genetic and environmental influences on ethanol consumption: perspectives from preclinical research. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 34(6), 976-987. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01172.x
Peregud D, Stepanichev M, Gulyaeva N. Drinking Pattern in Intermittent Access Two-Bottle-Choice Paradigm in Male Wistar Rats Is Associated with Exon-Specific BDNF Expression in the Hippocampus During Early Abstinence. J Mol Neurosci. 2021 Feb;71(2):262-275. doi: 10.1007/s12031-020-01645-1. Epub 2020 Jun 26. PMID: 32588398.
Popovic, M., Caballero-Bleda, M., Puelles, L., & Guerri, C. (2004). Multiple binge alcohol consumption during rat adolescence increases anxiety but does not impair retention in the passive avoidance task. Neurosci Lett, 357(2), 79-82. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2003.10.046
Rimondini, R., Sommer, W., & Heilig, M. (2003). A temporal threshold for induction of persistent alcohol preference: behavioral evidence in a rat model of intermittent intoxication. J Stud Alcohol, 64(4), 445-449. doi:10.15288/jsa.2003.64.445
Ron, D., & Barak, S. (2016). Molecular mechanisms underlying alcohol-drinking behaviours. Nat Rev Neurosci, 17(9), 576-591. doi:10.1038/nrn.2016.85
Sanchez-Catalan, M. J., Kaufling, J., Georges, F., Veinante, P., & Barrot, M. (2014). The antero-posterior heterogeneity of the ventral tegmental area. Neuroscience, 282, 198-216. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.09.025
Simms, J. A., Steensland, P., Medina, B., Abernathy, K. E., Chandler, L. J., Wise, R., & Bartlett, S. E. (2008). Intermittent access to 20% ethanol induces high ethanol consumption in Long-Evans and Wistar rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 32(10), 1816-1823. doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00753.x
Skelly, M. J., Chappell, A. E., Carter, E., & Weiner, J. L. (2015). Adolescent social isolation increases anxiety-like behavior and ethanol intake and impairs fear extinction in adulthood: Possible role of disrupted noradrenergic signaling. Neuropharmacology, 97, 149-159. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.05.025
Skelly, M. J., & Weiner, J. L. (2014). Chronic treatment with prazosin or duloxetine lessens concurrent anxiety-like behavior and alcohol intake: evidence of disrupted noradrenergic signaling in anxiety-related alcohol use. Brain Behav, 4(4), 468-483. doi:10.1002/brb3.230
Van Skike, C. E., Diaz-Granados, J. L., & Matthews, D. B. (2015). Chronic intermittent ethanol exposure produces persistent anxiety in adolescent and adult rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res, 39(2), 262-271. doi:10.1111/acer.12617
Van Skike, C. E., Maggio, S. E., Reynolds, A. R., Casey, E. M., Bardo, M. T., Dwoskin, L. P., . . . Nixon, K. (2016). Critical needs in drug discovery for cessation of alcohol and nicotine polysubstance abuse. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 65, 269-287. doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.11.004
Varodayan, F. P., Patel, R. R., Matzeu, A., Wolfe, S. A., Curley, D. E., Khom, S., . . . Roberto, M. (2022). The Amygdala Noradrenergic System Is Compromised With Alcohol Use Disorder. Biol Psychiatry, 91(12), 1008-1018. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.02.006
World Health Organization. Global status report on alcohol and health 2018. World Health Organization; 2018.
Wscieklica, T., Le Sueur-Maluf, L., Prearo, L., Conte, R., Viana, M. B., & Cespedes, I. C. (2019). Chronic intermittent ethanol administration differentially alters DeltaFosB immunoreactivity in cortical-limbic structures of rats with high and low alcohol preference. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, 45(3), 264-275. doi:10.1080/00952990.2019.1569667
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