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Resumen
Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar la asociación entre las enfermedades psiquiátricas y los factores climáticos y estacionales, en los pacientes registrados en la Unidad de Emergencia, en el Hospital de Messina (Italia). Método: 6565 pacientes psiquiátricos se registraron a la Unidad de Emergencia en Messina entre enero de 2005 y diciembre de 2010. Cada visita psiquiátrica en urgencias fue clasificada por fecha de aparición y diagnóstico de admisión de acuerdo con las categorías diagnósticas: ansiedad, trastornos del humor y psicosis. Datos meteorológicos locales se obtuvieron de la Institución Metereológica "Aereonautica Militare" estación en Messina, Sicilia. Además, para la recopilación de datos sobre el estado del cielo, temperatura, presión atmosférica con el valor normalizado a nivel del mar, la humedad relativa, la precipitación, la dirección del viento y la velocidad, la estación está conectada a una boya situada en el sector oriental del mar Tirreno. Resultados: En los trastornos de ansiedad se encontraron resultados relevantes en comparación con el invierno y la primavera (p = 0,007) y primavera y otoño (p = 0,001). En los trastornos afectivos se produjeron diferencias en relación con el invierno y el otoño (p = 0,002), primavera y otoño (p = 001), primavera y verano (p = 002). El trastorno psicótico presenta diferencias significativas entre verano y otoño (p = 0,001) y en primavera y otoño (p = 0,002). Conclusiones: Podemos observar una similitud de los trastornos afectivos; es decir, los trastornos de ansiedad y del estado de ánimo en comparación con la psicosis, los cuales tienen diferentes influencias y probablemente formas etiopatogénicas diferentes. En nuestra investigación, la distribución de los trastornos de ansiedad fue más alta que los trastornos depresivos en términos de la entrada de visitas a la sala de emergencia. Las principales diferencias se produjeron comparando la primavera y el otoño, las estaciones del año cuando todas las clases patológicas tienen diferencias significativas. De ello se deduce que el cambio climático más abrupto, típico de estas estaciones, en su conjunto provoca situaciones de emergencia psicopatológicas. El estudio es importante para la planificación de una asistencia más eficaz para los pacientes que necesitan ayuda psiquiátrica.
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