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Resumen
El constructo impulsividad ha sido investigado, dentro de la literatura psicológica, tanto como un factor de personalidad como una manifestación del funcionamiento cognitivo de los individuos. A su vez, la creciente investigación muestra que ésta no debe concebirse como un concepto unitario sino ser definida a través de varios subtipos. En este trabajo se buscó indagar sobre la posibilidad de que una prueba de auto-informe de tres tipos de impulsividad sea un buen predictor del funcionamiento cognitivo en individuos sanos. La muestra estuvo constituida por 230 sujetos (65% mujeres) con edad media de 28.4 años (SD = 13.6 años) de la población general de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Se evaluó a través del Cuestionario de Urgencia Compulsiva, Búsqueda de Sensaciones e Impulsividad por Imprevisión (CUBI, Squillace Louhau, & Picón Janerio, 2019) que mide los tres subtipos de impulsividad. En relación a esto, se utilizó una batería de pruebas neuropsicológicas para mensurar tanto el funcionamiento ejecutivo-atencional, la fluencia verbal y no verbal, la velocidad de procesamiento, así como las estrategias en el proceso de toma de decisiones. Los resultados encontrados han sido significativos y han demostrado un perfil diferencial de los tres subtipos de impulsividad. Primero, la Urgencia Compulsiva puede relacionarse con mayores dificultades ejecutivo-atencionales, segundo, la Impulsividad por Imprevisión con una menor fluencia del procesamiento de información no verbal y, por último, la Búsqueda de Sensaciones con un mejor rendimiento cognitivo general y la toma de riesgos durante la toma de decisiones. En conclusión, la prueba de auto-informe de tres tipos de impulsividad mencionada puede ser un buen predictor del funcionamiento cognitivo en contextos no patológicos.
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