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Guidotti, S., Pruneti, C. ., Mortilla, S. ., Masellis, . G. ., & Caramuscio, C. . (2023). Aspectos clínico-psicológicos implicados en la cirugía ginecológica:descripción de los síntomas psicopatológicos perioperatorios y el comportamiento de la enfermedad. International Journal of Psychological Research, 16(1), 56–66. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.5981
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Resumen

Fundamento. Dentro de la literatura actual referente a la cirugía ginecológica, existen pocos estudios que se centren en los aspectos psicológicos que caracterizan el perioperatorio. En esta investigación se evaluaron los síntomas psicopatológicos y la conducta de enfermedadcon el fin de confirmar resultados previos sobre variables clínicas como el tipo y método deintervención así como aspectos psicológicos en cuanto a la anamnesis positiva para trastornosmentales. Además, también se investigaron otros factores, como el deseo de maternidad y lasintervenciones quirúrgicas y embarazos previos.

Métodos. En esta investigación observacional, se reclutaron consecutivamente 58 mujeres (edad=41.5±8.8), sometidas a cirugía ginecológica(conservadora y no conservadora) por patologías benignas. La información relativa a lossíntomas psicopatológicos se ha recogido durante 15 días (T0) y un día antes de la cirugía(T1), y en el momento del alta (T2) a través del Cuestionario de Síntomas (SQ). En T2 también se administró el Cuestionario de Conducta de Enfermedad (IBQ).

Resultados. Los análisis descriptivos realizados sobre la muestra total demostraron que mientras la activaciónansiosa y el estado de ánimo irritable disminuyen de T0 a T1, las somatizaciones y el estadode ánimo depresivo aumentan entre T1 y T2. Además, las comparaciones entre grupos, dividiendo la muestra de acuerdo con las variables clínico-médicas y psicológicas, destacaronque el tipologia y modalidad de la intervención, así como una historia positiva para la presenciade trastornos psicológicos, deseo de maternidad y antecedentes quirúrgicos, las intervencionesy los embarazos pueden influir en el curso de los síntomas psicopatológicos. Conclusión. Este estudio pone de relieve la necesidad de incluir una evaluación clínico-psicológica y prestar atención a variables clínicas específicas en mujeres que se someten a una cirugía ginecológicaconservadora o no conservadora. Considerando el impacto psicológico de este tipo deintervenciones, la historia clínica de estas mujeres, sus miedos y deseos podría facilitar un mejor manejo de las pacientes en términos de bienestar, adherencia al tratamiento y recuperación.

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