Emotional Behavioural Styles in Violent and Non-violent Juvenile Offenders: Problemas Comportamentais Emocionais em Delinquentes Juvenis Violentos e Não Violentos
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Sonia shagufta
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shagufta, S. (2023). Emotional Behavioural Styles in Violent and Non-violent Juvenile Offenders: Problemas Comportamentais Emocionais em Delinquentes Juvenis Violentos e Não Violentos. Psychologia, 17(2), 29–37. https://doi.org/10.21500/19002386.5907 (Original work published 1 de junio de 2023)
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Resumen
Previous studies have found emotional behavioural styles among school children in Pakistan and their impact on academic achievement (Javed et al., 1992; Samad et al., 2005; Soomro & Clarbour 2012; Syed et al., 2007; Syed & Hussein, 2009). The main purpose of the study was to extend the investigation to the juvenile offenders to assess the emotional behavioural styles among violent and non-violent juvenile offenders located in the different prisons of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. T-test and Binary Logistic Regression were used to analyse the data. T-test revealed that there were significant differences among violent and non-violent juvenile offenders on three emotional style factors: malevolent aggression, social self-esteem, and social anxiety. Binary Logistic Regression analysis indicated that violent juvenile offenders exhibited higher levels of malevolent aggression and low levels of social self-esteem and social anxiety than non-violent juvenile offenders. Current study is comparative in nature and may provide empirical evidences for distinguishing between the violent and non-violent juvenile offenders on the basis of emotional behavioural styles and suggest intensive multimodal Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and anger management program to modify the behaviour of violent juvenile offenders.
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Boduszek, D., Adamson, G., Shevlin, M., Hyland, P., & Bourke, A. (2013). The role of criminal social identity in the relationship between criminal friends and criminal thinking style within a sample of recidivistic prisoners. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 23(1), 14-28.
Caspi, A. (2000). The child is father of the man: personality continuities from childhood to adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(1), 158.
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Clarbour, J., Roger, D., Miles, J., & Monaghan, R. (2009). Individual differences in young offender emotional behaviour. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 14(2), 227-240.
Dhingra, K., & Boduszek, D. (2013). Psychopathy and criminal behaviour: a psychosocial research perspective. Journal of Criminal Psychology, 3 (2). pp. 83-107. ISSN 2009-3829
Dollar, J. M., & Stifter, C. A. (2012). Temperamental surgency and emotion regulation as predictors of childhood social competence. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 112(2), 178-194.
Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1992). Emotion, regulation, and the development of social competence. In M.S. Clark, (Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology: Vol.14, Emotion and Social Behaviour (pp.119-150). Newbury Park, CA; Sage Publications Inc.
Extremera, N., & Rey, L. (2015). The moderator role of emotion regulation ability in the link between stress and well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1632.
Eysenck, H. J. (1997). Personality and the biosocial model of anti-social and criminal behaviour biosocial bases of violence (pp. 21-37): Springer.
Fava, N. M., Trucco, E. M., Martz, M. E., Cope, L. M., Jester, J. M., Zucker, R. A., et al. (2019). Childhood adversity, externalizing behavior, and substance use in adolescence: Mediating effects of anterior cingulate cortex activation during inhibitory errors. Development and Psychopathology, 31(4), 1439.
Fergusson, D. M., & Horwood, L. J. (1999). Prospective childhood predictors of deviant peer affiliations in adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40(4), 581-592.
Gordon, V., & Egan, V. (2011). What self-report impulsivity measure best postdicts criminal convictions and prison breaches of discipline? Psychology, Crime & Law, 17(4), 305-318.
Gungea, M., Jaunky, V. C., & Ramesh, V. (2017). Personality traits and juvenile delinquency. International Journal of Conceptions on Management and Social Sciences, 5(1), 42-46.
Hussain, S., & Munaf, S. (2012). Perceived father acceptance-rejection in childhood and psychological adjustment in adulthood. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(1).
Ivert, A. K., Andersson, F., Svensson, R., Pauwels, L. J., & Torstensson Levander, M. (2018). An examination of the interaction between morality and self‐control in offending: A study of differences between girls and boys. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 28(3), 282-294.
Javed, M. A., Kundi, M., & Khan, P. A. (1992). Emotional and behavioral problems among school children in Pakistan. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 42(8), 181-183.
John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Individual differences in emotion regulation. Handbook of Emotion Regulation, 351-372.
Kamaluddin, M. R., Shariff, N. S. M., Othman, A., Ismail, K. H., & Saat, G. A. M. (2015). Linking psychological traits with criminal behaviour: A review. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 16(2), 13-25.
Kumari, V., Barkataki, I., Goswami, S., Flora, S., Das, M., & Taylor, P. (2009). Dysfunctional, but not functional, impulsivity is associated with a history of seriously violent behaviour and reduced orbitofrontal and hippocampal volumes in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 173(1), 39-44.
McDowell, D. J., Kim, M., O'neil, R., & Parke, R. D. (2002). Children's emotional regulation and social competence in middle childhood: The role of maternal and paternal interactive style. Marriage & Family Review, 34(3-4), 345-364.
Meyer, S., Raikes, H. A., Virmani, E. A., Waters, S., & Thompson, R. A. (2014). Parent emotion representations and the socialization of emotion regulation in the family. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 38(2), 164-173.
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Moreira, M. E. L., & Goldani, M. Z. (2010). Child is the father of man: New challenges for child health. Ciencia & |Saude Coletiva, 15(2), 321-327.
Morizot, J., & Blanc, M. L. (2003). Searching for a developmental typology of personality and its relations to antisocial behaviour: A longitudinal study of an adjudicated men sample. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 13(4), 241-277.
Newburn, T. (2011). Policing youth anti-social behaviour and crime: time for reform. Journal of Children's Services, 6(2), 96-105.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Girgus, J. S. (1994). The emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 115(3), 424.
Prokasky, A., Rudasill, K., Molfese, V. J., Putnam, S., Gartstein, M., & Rothbart, M. (2017). Identifying child temperament types using cluster analysis in three samples. Journal of Research in Personality, 67, 190-201.
Roger, D., & Najarian, B. (1989). The construction and validation of a new scale for measuring emotional control. Personlaity Differences, 8, 527-534.
Samad, L., Hollis, C., Prince, M., & Goodman, R. (2005). Child and adolescent psychopathology in a developing country: testing the validity of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (Urdu version). International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 14(3), 158-166
Saarni, C. (1993). Socialization of emotion: Guilford Press.
Shagufta, S. (2020). Psychopathy Predicting Violent Criminal Behaviour among Adult Offenders. Psychologia, 14(1), 75-83, Doi: 10.21500/19002386.4316
Sheikh, A. (2017, February 28). Govt redefines literacy for count. The Express Tribune. https://tribune.com.pk/story/1341159/govt-redefines-literacy-count
Soomro, N. H., & Clarbour, J. (2012). Emotional Behaviour and Academic Achievement in Middle School Children. Pakistan Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 9(2).
Stevens, M. (2018). Preventing at-risk children from developing antisocial and criminal behaviour: a longitudinal study examining the role of parenting, community and societal factors in middle childhood. BMC Psychology, 6(1), 40.
Syed, E. U., Hussein, S. A., & Mahmud, S. (2007). Screening for emotional and behavioural problems amongst 5–11-year-old school children in Karachi, Pakistan. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 42(5), 421-427.
Syed, E. U., & Hussein, S. A. (2009). Prevalence of emotional and behavioural problems among primary school children in Karachi, Pakistan—multi informant survey. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 76(6), 623-627.
Van Den Akker, A. L., Deković, M., Prinzie, P., & Asscher, J. J. (2010). Toddlers’ temperament profiles: Stability and relations to negative and positive parenting. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38, 485-495.
Van Lieshout, C. F. (2000). Lifespan personality development: Self-organising goal-oriented agents and developmental outcome. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 24(3), 276-288.
Wahdan, I., El Nimr, N., Kotb, R., & Wahdan, A. (2014). Risk of aggression and criminal behaviour among adolescents living in Alexandria Governorate, Egypt. EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 20 (4), 265-272.
Wang, X., & Cheng, Z. (2020). Cross-sectional studies: strengths, weaknesses, and recommendations. Chest, 158(1), S65-S71.
Wild, L. G., Flisher, A. J., Bhana, A., & Lombard, C. (2004). Associations among adolescent risk behaviours and self‐esteem in six domains. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(8), 1454-1467.
Caspi, A. (2000). The child is father of the man: personality continuities from childhood to adulthood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(1), 158.
Clarbour, J., & Roger, D. (2004). The construction and validation of a new scale for measuring emotional response style in adolescents. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(3), 496-509.
Clarbour, J., Roger, D., Miles, J., & Monaghan, R. (2009). Individual differences in young offender emotional behaviour. Legal and Criminological Psychology, 14(2), 227-240.
Dhingra, K., & Boduszek, D. (2013). Psychopathy and criminal behaviour: a psychosocial research perspective. Journal of Criminal Psychology, 3 (2). pp. 83-107. ISSN 2009-3829
Dollar, J. M., & Stifter, C. A. (2012). Temperamental surgency and emotion regulation as predictors of childhood social competence. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 112(2), 178-194.
Eisenberg, N., & Fabes, R. A. (1992). Emotion, regulation, and the development of social competence. In M.S. Clark, (Ed.), Review of personality and social psychology: Vol.14, Emotion and Social Behaviour (pp.119-150). Newbury Park, CA; Sage Publications Inc.
Extremera, N., & Rey, L. (2015). The moderator role of emotion regulation ability in the link between stress and well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1632.
Eysenck, H. J. (1997). Personality and the biosocial model of anti-social and criminal behaviour biosocial bases of violence (pp. 21-37): Springer.
Fava, N. M., Trucco, E. M., Martz, M. E., Cope, L. M., Jester, J. M., Zucker, R. A., et al. (2019). Childhood adversity, externalizing behavior, and substance use in adolescence: Mediating effects of anterior cingulate cortex activation during inhibitory errors. Development and Psychopathology, 31(4), 1439.
Fergusson, D. M., & Horwood, L. J. (1999). Prospective childhood predictors of deviant peer affiliations in adolescence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40(4), 581-592.
Gordon, V., & Egan, V. (2011). What self-report impulsivity measure best postdicts criminal convictions and prison breaches of discipline? Psychology, Crime & Law, 17(4), 305-318.
Gungea, M., Jaunky, V. C., & Ramesh, V. (2017). Personality traits and juvenile delinquency. International Journal of Conceptions on Management and Social Sciences, 5(1), 42-46.
Hussain, S., & Munaf, S. (2012). Perceived father acceptance-rejection in childhood and psychological adjustment in adulthood. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(1).
Ivert, A. K., Andersson, F., Svensson, R., Pauwels, L. J., & Torstensson Levander, M. (2018). An examination of the interaction between morality and self‐control in offending: A study of differences between girls and boys. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 28(3), 282-294.
Javed, M. A., Kundi, M., & Khan, P. A. (1992). Emotional and behavioral problems among school children in Pakistan. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association, 42(8), 181-183.
John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Individual differences in emotion regulation. Handbook of Emotion Regulation, 351-372.
Kamaluddin, M. R., Shariff, N. S. M., Othman, A., Ismail, K. H., & Saat, G. A. M. (2015). Linking psychological traits with criminal behaviour: A review. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 16(2), 13-25.
Kumari, V., Barkataki, I., Goswami, S., Flora, S., Das, M., & Taylor, P. (2009). Dysfunctional, but not functional, impulsivity is associated with a history of seriously violent behaviour and reduced orbitofrontal and hippocampal volumes in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 173(1), 39-44.
McDowell, D. J., Kim, M., O'neil, R., & Parke, R. D. (2002). Children's emotional regulation and social competence in middle childhood: The role of maternal and paternal interactive style. Marriage & Family Review, 34(3-4), 345-364.
Meyer, S., Raikes, H. A., Virmani, E. A., Waters, S., & Thompson, R. A. (2014). Parent emotion representations and the socialization of emotion regulation in the family. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 38(2), 164-173.
Moffitt, T. E. (1993). Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: a developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100(4), 674.
Moffitt, T. E. (2006). Life-course-persistent versus adolescence-limited antisocial behavior. In D. Cicchetti & D. J. Cohen (Eds.), Developmental Psychopathology: Risk, Disorder, and Adaptation (p. 570–598). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Moreira, M. E. L., & Goldani, M. Z. (2010). Child is the father of man: New challenges for child health. Ciencia & |Saude Coletiva, 15(2), 321-327.
Morizot, J., & Blanc, M. L. (2003). Searching for a developmental typology of personality and its relations to antisocial behaviour: A longitudinal study of an adjudicated men sample. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 13(4), 241-277.
Newburn, T. (2011). Policing youth anti-social behaviour and crime: time for reform. Journal of Children's Services, 6(2), 96-105.
Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Girgus, J. S. (1994). The emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence. Psychological Bulletin, 115(3), 424.
Prokasky, A., Rudasill, K., Molfese, V. J., Putnam, S., Gartstein, M., & Rothbart, M. (2017). Identifying child temperament types using cluster analysis in three samples. Journal of Research in Personality, 67, 190-201.
Roger, D., & Najarian, B. (1989). The construction and validation of a new scale for measuring emotional control. Personlaity Differences, 8, 527-534.
Samad, L., Hollis, C., Prince, M., & Goodman, R. (2005). Child and adolescent psychopathology in a developing country: testing the validity of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (Urdu version). International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 14(3), 158-166
Saarni, C. (1993). Socialization of emotion: Guilford Press.
Shagufta, S. (2020). Psychopathy Predicting Violent Criminal Behaviour among Adult Offenders. Psychologia, 14(1), 75-83, Doi: 10.21500/19002386.4316
Sheikh, A. (2017, February 28). Govt redefines literacy for count. The Express Tribune. https://tribune.com.pk/story/1341159/govt-redefines-literacy-count
Soomro, N. H., & Clarbour, J. (2012). Emotional Behaviour and Academic Achievement in Middle School Children. Pakistan Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 9(2).
Stevens, M. (2018). Preventing at-risk children from developing antisocial and criminal behaviour: a longitudinal study examining the role of parenting, community and societal factors in middle childhood. BMC Psychology, 6(1), 40.
Syed, E. U., Hussein, S. A., & Mahmud, S. (2007). Screening for emotional and behavioural problems amongst 5–11-year-old school children in Karachi, Pakistan. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 42(5), 421-427.
Syed, E. U., & Hussein, S. A. (2009). Prevalence of emotional and behavioural problems among primary school children in Karachi, Pakistan—multi informant survey. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 76(6), 623-627.
Van Den Akker, A. L., Deković, M., Prinzie, P., & Asscher, J. J. (2010). Toddlers’ temperament profiles: Stability and relations to negative and positive parenting. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38, 485-495.
Van Lieshout, C. F. (2000). Lifespan personality development: Self-organising goal-oriented agents and developmental outcome. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 24(3), 276-288.
Wahdan, I., El Nimr, N., Kotb, R., & Wahdan, A. (2014). Risk of aggression and criminal behaviour among adolescents living in Alexandria Governorate, Egypt. EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 20 (4), 265-272.
Wang, X., & Cheng, Z. (2020). Cross-sectional studies: strengths, weaknesses, and recommendations. Chest, 158(1), S65-S71.
Wild, L. G., Flisher, A. J., Bhana, A., & Lombard, C. (2004). Associations among adolescent risk behaviours and self‐esteem in six domains. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45(8), 1454-1467.
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