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INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT
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Abstract
Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar las implicaciones de la "Política de Una China" y para la cooperación internacional para el desarrollo y la entrega de ayuda exterior de China y Taiwán los países de América Latina y del Caribe (ALC). Aunque desde la expulsión de Taipéi de la ONU en 1971 la mayoría de los países de ALC han reconocido a Beijing como el único gobierno legítimo de toda China, la política de “Una Sola China” sigue siendo central en ALC, ya que un poco más de la mitad (nueve sobre quince) de los países que continúan manteniendo relaciones diplomáticas con Taiwán se encuentran en esta región. En las últimas décadas, ambos países han llevado a cabo una especie de “diplomacia de la chequera” para ganar aliados a cambio de la entrega de asistencia para el desarrollo. En particular, desde 2016, Beijing ha retomado su ofensiva diplomática para el reconocimiento en ALC, logrando que Panamá, El Salvador y la República Dominicana establecieran relaciones formales con China y las rompieran con Taiwán. Mientras que para los países de la región más grandes y con más relaciones comerciales con China es conveniente establecer relaciones oficiales con China, para los países más pequeños puede ser una mejor estrategia reconocer diplomáticamente a Taiwán para beneficiarse de sus generosos programas de ayuda para el desarrollo.
Palabras clave: China; Taiwán; escuela inglesa; socialización; Cooperación internacional; desarrollo; ayuda exterior; América Latina; Caribe.
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