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Dankevych, V., Vitaliy B. Kovalchuk, Bogdana B. Melnychenko, Yaryna S. Bohiv, & Nataliia D. Slotvinska. (2023). Concepto de paz mundial: amenazas militares, terroristas e informativas. Revista Guillermo De Ockham, 21(2), 397–414. https://doi.org/10.21500/22563202.6440 (Original work published 12 de julio de 2023)
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Resumen
El artículo aborda el análisis de los procesos de transformación de la interpretación doctrinal y praxeológica del concepto de paz global en el contexto de la superación de las modernas amenazas militares, terroristas e informativas. Las tareas resueltas en el artículo son las siguientes: se revela la esencia de la comprensión del concepto moderno de paz global; se analiza la eficacia del mecanismo de las instituciones internacionales para contrarrestar la amenaza militar; se estudia el terrorismo como oposición a la paz y la estabilidad; se revela la naturaleza de los desafíos al entorno informativo y educativo como factor significativo para garantizar la paz global. El enfoque humanístico se distingue por tener un valor axiológico especial para la investigación, con una tríada metodológica de métodos utilizados que son filosóficos, científicos generales y científicos especiales. Los elementos del concepto de orden mundial global son el funcionamiento de los sujetos internacionales y nacionales para garantizar la paz y el desarrollo de la sociedad civil, incluida la educación del orden mundial global, la tolerancia, los valores democráticos del constitucionalismo y el Estado de derecho, y otros valores axiológicos jurídicos primarios. La originalidad de la investigación radica en el análisis exhaustivo de las amenazas de la globalización al concepto de paz y seguridad de la sociedad internacional en los ámbitos militar, antiterrorista y de la información con la demostración de material empírico de la guerra ruso-ucraniana de 2022.
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Referencias
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Boot, M. (2022). We can win a battle of production lines with Russia. But there’s a better way. The Washington Post December 5, Retrieved from: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/12/05/ukraine-war-assistance-weapons-production/
Catherine, A. (2018). Theohary, Information Warfare. Issues for Congress. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.
Criado, M., & Poveda, Á. (2019). El periodismo como arma de captación terrorista. Revista de Comunicación de la SEECI, 49, 59-80. https://doi.org/10.15198/seeci.2019.49.59-80 63
Crocker, C.A., Hampson, F.O., & Aall, P. (2011). Collective conflict management: a new formula for global peace and security cooperation? International Affairs, 87(1), 39–58, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2011.00959.x
Economic Value of Peace (2021). Measuring the Global economic Impact of Violence and Conflict. Retrieved from: https://www.economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/EVP-2021-web-1.pdf
Electoral orientations of Ukrainian citizens (2021) Retrieved from: https://razumkov.org.ua/napriamky/sotsiologichni-doslidzhennia/elektoralni-oriientatsii-gromadian-ukrainy-zhovten-2021r
Eom, J., & Kester, K. (2022). Education for Peace and International Understanding in the Asia-Pacific: Trends and Issues. In: Lee, W.O., Brown, P., Goodwin, A.L., Green, A. (eds) International Handbook on Education Development in Asia-Pacific. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2327-1_9-1
Ezechi, K.C., Onyishi, A.U., Okonkwo, W.O., & Ogbuka I. (2022) Maintenance of international peace and security and great power hypocrisy: insights from the Iraqi and Ukrainian invasions. Sapientia Foundation Journal of Education, Sciences and Gender Studies, 4(1), Retrieved from: https://www.sfjesgs.com/index.php/SFJESGS/article/view/271
Filipec, O. (2019). Hybrid Warfare: Between Realism, Liberalism and Constructivism. Central European Journal of Politics, 5(2), 52–70. Retrieved from: http://www.cejop.cz/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/2019_Vol-05_No-02_Art-03_Filipec.pdf
Gilder, A. (2019). The effect of ‘stabilization’ in the mandates and practice of UN peace operations. Netherlands International Law Review, 66(1), 47–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40802-019-00128-4
Global Peace Index (2022). Measuring peace in a complex world Retrieved from: https://www.economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/GPI-2022-web.pdf
Global Terrorism Index (2022). Key findings in 6 Charts. Retrieved from: https://www.visionofhumanity.org/global-terrorism-index-2022-key-findings-in-6-charts/
Guadagno, R., & Guttieri K. (2021) Fake News and Information Warfare: An Examination of the Political and Psychological Processes from the Digital Sphere to the Real World. Research Anthology on Fake News, Political Warfare, and Combatting the Spread of Misinformation, 218-242 Retrieved from: https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/fake-news-and-information-warfare/269096
Hamelink, C.J. (2020). The Concept. In: Communication and Peace. Global Transformations in Media and Communication Research - A Palgrave and IAMCR Series. Palgrave Macmillan, https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-50354-1_1
Henne, P.S., Saiya, N., & Hand, A.W. (2020). Weapon of the Strong? Government Support for Religion and Majoritarian Terrorism. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 64(10), 1943–1967. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002720916854
Herbert, E.B. (2021) The role of the international court of justice in actualising global peace. Indian Journal of International Law, 59, 323–354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40901-020-00121-0
Jackson, H M. (1981). Terrorism as a Weapon in International Politics. International Terrorism. ImprintRoutledge.
Jacob, C. (2021). Institutionalizing Prevention at the UN, Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 27(2), 179-201. https://doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02702003
Jacobsen, J.T. (2022) Cyberterrorism: Four Reasons for Its Absence—So Far Perspectives on Terrorism, 16(5), 62-72
Jonsson, O. (2019) Russian information warfare and its challenges to international law Routledge Handbook of War, Law and Technology. ImprintRoutledge. eBook ISBN9781315111759
Jordan, R., Agi, K., Amadei, B., Casuse, T., Koechner, D., Nair, I., Nelson, M., Olson, M., Quihuis, M., & Tangorra, J. (2020) Outcomes of the First Global Peace Engineering Conference Procedia Computer Science, 172, 803-810 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.05.115
Kavanaugh, P. R., & Maratea, R. J. (2020). Digital Ethnography in an Age of Information Warfare: Notes from the Field. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 49(1), 3–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891241619854123
Kinsella, H. M, & Mantilla G. (2020) Contestation before Compliance: History, Politics, and Power in International Humanitarian Law. International Studies Quarterly, 64 (3), 649–656, https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaa032
Knight, W.A. (2022). New Thinking About Global Governance in an Intermestic World. In: Mahmoudi, H., Allen, M.H., Seaman, K. (eds) Fundamental Challenges to Global Peace and Security. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79072-1_4
Koehler-Derrick, G. & Milton D.J. (2019) Choose Your Weapon: The Impact of Strategic Considerations and Resource Constraints on Terrorist Group Weapon Selection. Terrorism and Political Violence, 31(5), 909-928, https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2017.1293533
Moreda, F. (2022) Analysing the concept of peace in post-conflict African countries. Global Journal of Sociology: Current Issues, 12(1), 71-83
Muñoz, G.M., & Serralvo, J. (2019). International humanitarian law in Colombia: Going a step beyond. International Review of the Red Cross, 101(912), 1117-1147. https://doi:10.1017/S1816383120000181
NATO Secretary General urges the West to produce more weapons due to the war in Ukraine (2023) Rakurs. January, 2 Retrieved from: https://racurs.ua/ua/n178433-v-avstraliyi-bilya-parku-rozvag-zitknulysya-dva-vertoloty-bagato-zagyblyh-foto.html
Nursita, R.D., & Sahide A. (2019) The Concept of Peace in Islam and its relevance to International Relations. AL ALBAB, 8(2), 211-224 https://doi.org/ 10.24260/alalbab.v8i2.1218
Office of the United Nations. (2021) High Commissioner for Human Rights Human Rights, Terrorism and Counter-terrorism. Fact Sheet No. 32 с. 10
Positive Peace Report (2022). Analysing the factors that build, predict and sustain peace. Retrieved from: https://www.economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/PPR-2022-web.pdf
Rai, Ch. (1998). Moral Philosophy of Global Peace. Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, in Boston, Massachusetts from August 10-15, Retrieved from: https://www.bu.edu/wcp/MainValu.htm
Sarjoon, A. & Yusoff, M. A. (2019). The United Nations Peacekeeping Operations and Challenges. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 8(3), 202. Retrieved from: https://www.richtmann.org/journal/index.php/ajis/article/view/10575
Satria, A., & Sumpter C. (2022) Recognizing Trade-Offs in Indonesian Counterterrorism Strategy. Perspectives on Terrorism, 16 (5), 34-45
Silke, A., & Filippidou, A. (2020) What drives terrorist innovation? Lessons from Black September and Munich 1972. Secur J, 33, 210–227. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41284-019-00181-x
Support for war against Ukraine in Russia has grown even more – sociologists (2022). The Ukrainian Truth (23 March 2022). Retrieved from: https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2022/03/23/7333901/
Tashev, B., Purcell, M.& McLaughlin М.В. (2019) Russia’s Information Warfare Exploring the Cognitive Dimension lagovest. MCU Journal, 10(2), 139 https://doi.org/10.21140/mcuj.2019100208 С.129-147
The unfolding cyberwar in Ukraine (2022). Retrieved from: https://www.visionofhumanity.org/ukraine-cyberattacks-2022/
Tin, D., Hart, A., Hertelendy, A., & Ciottone, G. (2021). Terrorism in Australia: A Decade of Escalating Deaths and Injuries Supporting the Need for Counter-Terrorism Medicine. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 36(3), 265-269. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X21000157
UN (1996) General Assembly. United Nations Declaration on Crime and Public Security: draft resolution / submitted by the Chairperson on the basis of informal consultations held on the draft resolution contained in document A/C.3/51/L.3. Retrieved from: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/223270?
UN Report: Global hunger numbers rose to as many as 828 million in 2021. (2021). Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/news/item/06-07-2022-un-report--global-hunger-numbers-rose-to-as-many-as-828-million-in-2021
Aliakbari, R. (2019). Investigating the Causes of the Inefficiency of the Security Council in Maintaining International Peace and Security', Fares Law Research, 2(4), 97-117.
Boot, M. (2022). We can win a battle of production lines with Russia. But there’s a better way. The Washington Post December 5, Retrieved from: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2022/12/05/ukraine-war-assistance-weapons-production/
Catherine, A. (2018). Theohary, Information Warfare. Issues for Congress. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.
Criado, M., & Poveda, Á. (2019). El periodismo como arma de captación terrorista. Revista de Comunicación de la SEECI, 49, 59-80. https://doi.org/10.15198/seeci.2019.49.59-80 63
Crocker, C.A., Hampson, F.O., & Aall, P. (2011). Collective conflict management: a new formula for global peace and security cooperation? International Affairs, 87(1), 39–58, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2346.2011.00959.x
Economic Value of Peace (2021). Measuring the Global economic Impact of Violence and Conflict. Retrieved from: https://www.economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/EVP-2021-web-1.pdf
Electoral orientations of Ukrainian citizens (2021) Retrieved from: https://razumkov.org.ua/napriamky/sotsiologichni-doslidzhennia/elektoralni-oriientatsii-gromadian-ukrainy-zhovten-2021r
Eom, J., & Kester, K. (2022). Education for Peace and International Understanding in the Asia-Pacific: Trends and Issues. In: Lee, W.O., Brown, P., Goodwin, A.L., Green, A. (eds) International Handbook on Education Development in Asia-Pacific. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2327-1_9-1
Ezechi, K.C., Onyishi, A.U., Okonkwo, W.O., & Ogbuka I. (2022) Maintenance of international peace and security and great power hypocrisy: insights from the Iraqi and Ukrainian invasions. Sapientia Foundation Journal of Education, Sciences and Gender Studies, 4(1), Retrieved from: https://www.sfjesgs.com/index.php/SFJESGS/article/view/271
Filipec, O. (2019). Hybrid Warfare: Between Realism, Liberalism and Constructivism. Central European Journal of Politics, 5(2), 52–70. Retrieved from: http://www.cejop.cz/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/2019_Vol-05_No-02_Art-03_Filipec.pdf
Gilder, A. (2019). The effect of ‘stabilization’ in the mandates and practice of UN peace operations. Netherlands International Law Review, 66(1), 47–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40802-019-00128-4
Global Peace Index (2022). Measuring peace in a complex world Retrieved from: https://www.economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/GPI-2022-web.pdf
Global Terrorism Index (2022). Key findings in 6 Charts. Retrieved from: https://www.visionofhumanity.org/global-terrorism-index-2022-key-findings-in-6-charts/
Guadagno, R., & Guttieri K. (2021) Fake News and Information Warfare: An Examination of the Political and Psychological Processes from the Digital Sphere to the Real World. Research Anthology on Fake News, Political Warfare, and Combatting the Spread of Misinformation, 218-242 Retrieved from: https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/fake-news-and-information-warfare/269096
Hamelink, C.J. (2020). The Concept. In: Communication and Peace. Global Transformations in Media and Communication Research - A Palgrave and IAMCR Series. Palgrave Macmillan, https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-50354-1_1
Henne, P.S., Saiya, N., & Hand, A.W. (2020). Weapon of the Strong? Government Support for Religion and Majoritarian Terrorism. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 64(10), 1943–1967. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002720916854
Herbert, E.B. (2021) The role of the international court of justice in actualising global peace. Indian Journal of International Law, 59, 323–354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40901-020-00121-0
Jackson, H M. (1981). Terrorism as a Weapon in International Politics. International Terrorism. ImprintRoutledge.
Jacob, C. (2021). Institutionalizing Prevention at the UN, Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 27(2), 179-201. https://doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02702003
Jacobsen, J.T. (2022) Cyberterrorism: Four Reasons for Its Absence—So Far Perspectives on Terrorism, 16(5), 62-72
Jonsson, O. (2019) Russian information warfare and its challenges to international law Routledge Handbook of War, Law and Technology. ImprintRoutledge. eBook ISBN9781315111759
Jordan, R., Agi, K., Amadei, B., Casuse, T., Koechner, D., Nair, I., Nelson, M., Olson, M., Quihuis, M., & Tangorra, J. (2020) Outcomes of the First Global Peace Engineering Conference Procedia Computer Science, 172, 803-810 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.05.115
Kavanaugh, P. R., & Maratea, R. J. (2020). Digital Ethnography in an Age of Information Warfare: Notes from the Field. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 49(1), 3–26. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891241619854123
Kinsella, H. M, & Mantilla G. (2020) Contestation before Compliance: History, Politics, and Power in International Humanitarian Law. International Studies Quarterly, 64 (3), 649–656, https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqaa032
Knight, W.A. (2022). New Thinking About Global Governance in an Intermestic World. In: Mahmoudi, H., Allen, M.H., Seaman, K. (eds) Fundamental Challenges to Global Peace and Security. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79072-1_4
Koehler-Derrick, G. & Milton D.J. (2019) Choose Your Weapon: The Impact of Strategic Considerations and Resource Constraints on Terrorist Group Weapon Selection. Terrorism and Political Violence, 31(5), 909-928, https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2017.1293533
Moreda, F. (2022) Analysing the concept of peace in post-conflict African countries. Global Journal of Sociology: Current Issues, 12(1), 71-83
Muñoz, G.M., & Serralvo, J. (2019). International humanitarian law in Colombia: Going a step beyond. International Review of the Red Cross, 101(912), 1117-1147. https://doi:10.1017/S1816383120000181
NATO Secretary General urges the West to produce more weapons due to the war in Ukraine (2023) Rakurs. January, 2 Retrieved from: https://racurs.ua/ua/n178433-v-avstraliyi-bilya-parku-rozvag-zitknulysya-dva-vertoloty-bagato-zagyblyh-foto.html
Nursita, R.D., & Sahide A. (2019) The Concept of Peace in Islam and its relevance to International Relations. AL ALBAB, 8(2), 211-224 https://doi.org/ 10.24260/alalbab.v8i2.1218
Office of the United Nations. (2021) High Commissioner for Human Rights Human Rights, Terrorism and Counter-terrorism. Fact Sheet No. 32 с. 10
Positive Peace Report (2022). Analysing the factors that build, predict and sustain peace. Retrieved from: https://www.economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/PPR-2022-web.pdf
Rai, Ch. (1998). Moral Philosophy of Global Peace. Twentieth World Congress of Philosophy, in Boston, Massachusetts from August 10-15, Retrieved from: https://www.bu.edu/wcp/MainValu.htm
Sarjoon, A. & Yusoff, M. A. (2019). The United Nations Peacekeeping Operations and Challenges. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 8(3), 202. Retrieved from: https://www.richtmann.org/journal/index.php/ajis/article/view/10575
Satria, A., & Sumpter C. (2022) Recognizing Trade-Offs in Indonesian Counterterrorism Strategy. Perspectives on Terrorism, 16 (5), 34-45
Silke, A., & Filippidou, A. (2020) What drives terrorist innovation? Lessons from Black September and Munich 1972. Secur J, 33, 210–227. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41284-019-00181-x
Support for war against Ukraine in Russia has grown even more – sociologists (2022). The Ukrainian Truth (23 March 2022). Retrieved from: https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2022/03/23/7333901/
Tashev, B., Purcell, M.& McLaughlin М.В. (2019) Russia’s Information Warfare Exploring the Cognitive Dimension lagovest. MCU Journal, 10(2), 139 https://doi.org/10.21140/mcuj.2019100208 С.129-147
The unfolding cyberwar in Ukraine (2022). Retrieved from: https://www.visionofhumanity.org/ukraine-cyberattacks-2022/
Tin, D., Hart, A., Hertelendy, A., & Ciottone, G. (2021). Terrorism in Australia: A Decade of Escalating Deaths and Injuries Supporting the Need for Counter-Terrorism Medicine. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 36(3), 265-269. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X21000157
UN (1996) General Assembly. United Nations Declaration on Crime and Public Security: draft resolution / submitted by the Chairperson on the basis of informal consultations held on the draft resolution contained in document A/C.3/51/L.3. Retrieved from: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/223270?
UN Report: Global hunger numbers rose to as many as 828 million in 2021. (2021). Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/news/item/06-07-2022-un-report--global-hunger-numbers-rose-to-as-many-as-828-million-in-2021
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