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Settineri, S., Mucciardi, M., Leonardi, V., Schlesinger, S., Gioffrè Florio, M., Famà, F., Muscatello, M. A., & Mento, C. (2016). Metereological conditions and psychiatric emergency visits in Messina, Italy. International Journal of Psychological Research, 9(1), 72–82. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.2103
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The editorial board reserves the right of amendments deemed necessary in the application of the rules of publication.
To give up copyright, the authors allow that, International Journal of Psychological Research, distribute the work more broadly, check for the reuse by others and take care of the necessary procedures for the registration and administration of copyright; at the same time, our editorial board represents the interests of the author and allows authors to re-use his work in various forms. In response to the above, authors transfer copyright to the journal, International Journal of Psychological Research. This transfer does not imply other rights which are not those of authorship (for example those that concern about patents). Likewise, preserves the authors rights to use the work integral or partially in lectures, books and courses, as well as make copies for educational purposes. Finally, the authors may use freely the tables and figures in its future work, wherever make explicit reference to the previous publication in International Journal of Psychological Research. The assignment of copyright includes both virtual rights and forms of the article to allow the editorial to disseminate the work in the manner which it deems appropriate.
The editorial board reserves the right of amendments deemed necessary in the application of the rules of publication.
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the association between psychiatric disease, climatic and seasonal factors in patients recorded to the Emergency Unit, in Messina Hospital (Italy). Method: A total of 6565 psychiatric patients were recorded to the Emergency Unit in Messina from January 2005 and December 2010. Each psychiatric visit in emergency, was categorized by date of appearance and admitting diagnosis according to diagnostic categories: Anxiety, Mood Disorders and Psychosis. Local weather data were obtained from the Metereological Instituted “Aereonautica Militare” station in Messina, Sicily, In addition, to gathering data on the state of the sky, temperature, atmosphericpressure with the normalized value at sea level, relative humidity, rainfall, wind direction and speed, the station is connected to a buoy located on the eastern sector of Tyrrhenian Sea. Results: In anxiety disorders we have found relevant results comparison between winter and spring (p=.007) and spring and fall (p=.001). In affective disorders the differences occur in relation to winter and fall (p=.002), spring and fall (p=001), spring and summer (p=002). The psychotic disorder presents significant differences between summer and fall (p=.001) and spring and fall (p=.002). Conclusions: We can observe a similarity of affective disorders, i.e. anxiety and mood disorders compared to psychosis, which have different influences and probably according to dissimilar etiopathogenetic ways. In our research, the distribution of anxiety disorders is higher than depressive disorders in terms of delivering emergency room visits. The major differences occur comparing spring and fall, the seasons when all pathological classes have significant differences. It follows that the most abrupt climate change, typical of these seasons, as a whole, cause psychopathological emergencies. The study is important for planning a more effective assistance for patients needing psychiatric support.
References
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Bulbena A, Pailhez G, Aceña R, Cunillera J, Rius A, Garcia-Ribera C, Gutiérrez J, Rojo C.Panic anxiety, under the weather? International Journal of Biometeorology. 2005; 49 (4): 238-243.
Bulbena A, Sperry L, Pailhez G, Cunillera J. Panic attacks: Weather and season sensitivity? Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2007; 61: 129.
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Damasio AR. Descartes error: emotion, reason and the human brain. New York, Grosset/Putnam. 1994.
Daniels BA, Kirkby KC, Mitchell P, Hay D, Mowry B. Seasonal variation in hospital admission for bipolar disorder, depression and schizophrenia in Tasmania. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2000; 102,1: 38-43.
De Graaf R, Van Dorsselaer S, Ten Have M, Schoemaker C, Vollenberg WAM. Seasonal variation in mental disorders in the general population of a country with a maritime climate: findings from the Netherlands mental health survey and incidence study. American Journal of Epidemiology 2005; 162, 7: 654-661.
Deisenhammer EA, Kemmler G, Parson P. Association of meterological factors with suicide. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2003;108: 455-459.
Dumont M, Beaulieu C. Light exposure in the natural environment: Relevance to mood and sleep disorders. Sleep Medicine. 2007; 8: 557-565.
Erren TC, Nise MS, Meyer-Rochow VB. Latitude, light, clocks and mood. Psychopharmacology 2011; 216: 147–148.
Gorwood P. Restoring circadian rhytms: a new way to successfully manage depression. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2010; 24(8) Supplement 2: 15-19.
Hoaki N, Terao T, Wang Y, Goto S, Tsuchiyama K, Iwata N. Biological aspect of hyperthymic temperament: light, sleep, and serotonin. Psychopharmacology. 2011; 213 (2-3):633-8.
Howarth E, Hoffman MS. A multidimensional approach to the relationship between mood and weather. British Journal of Psychology 1984; 75: 15-23.
Hsiang-Yi T, Kao Chin C, Yen Kuang Y, et al. Sunshine-exposure variation of human striatal dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability in healthy volunteers. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 2011; 35: 107–110.
Huibers MJ, De Graag LE, Peeters FP, A. Does the weather make us sad? Meteorological determinants of mood and depression in the general population Psychiatry Research 2010; 180 (2): 143-146.
Kaplan Z, Schild K, Levine J. Violence in hospitalized psychiatric patients: diurnal and seasonal patterns. Psychiatry Research 1996; 60: 199-204.
Kennaway DJ. Clock genes at the haeart of depression. Journal of Psychopharmacology 2010; 24(8) Supplement 2: 5-14.
Koskela A, Kauppinen T, Keski-Rahkonen A, Sihvola E, Kaprio J, Rissanen A, et al. Brain serotonin transporter binding of [123I] ADAM: within-subject variation between summer and winter data. Chronobiology International 2008; 25: 657–65.
Lee HC, Lin HC, Tsai SY, Li CY, Chen CC, Huang CC. Suicide rates and the association with climate: a population-based study. Journal of Affective Disorders 2006; 92: 221-226.
Lee HC, Tsai SY, Lin HC. Seasonal variations in bipolar disorder admissions and the association with climate: A population-based study. Journal of Affective Disorders 2007; 97: 61–69.
Madden Pamela AF, Andrew Heath C, Norman Rosenthal E, Nicolas Martin G. Seasonal changes in Mood and Behavior. The role of genetic factors. Archives of General Psychiatry 1996; 53: 1.
Maes M, De Meyer F, Peeters D, Meltzer H, Schotte C, Scharpe S, et al. The periodicities in and biometeorological relationships with bed occupancy of an acute psychiatric ward in Antwerp, Belgium. International Journal of Biometeorology 1993; 37(2): 78-82.
Maes M, Scharpé S, Verkerk R, D'Hondt P, Peeters D, Cosyns P, et al .Seasonal variation in plasma tryptophan availability in healthy volunteers. Relationship to violent suicide occurrence. Archives of General Psychiatry 1995; 52: 937-946.
Magnusson A. An overview of epidemiological studies on seasonal affective disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2000; 101: 176-184.
Magnusson A. Validation of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). Journal of Affective Disorders. 1996; 40: 121-129.
Mann JJ, Waternaux C, Haas GL, Malone KM. Toward a clinical model of suicidal behavior in psychiatric patients. American Journal of Psychiatry 1999; 156:181-189.
McIntyre IM, Judd FK, Marriott PM, Burrows GD, Norman TR. Plasma Melatonin Levels in Affective States. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Research 1989; 9: 159-164.
Molin J, Mellerup E, Bolwig T, Scheike T, Dam H. The influence of climate on development of winter depression. Journal of Affective Disorders 1999; 37:151 – 155.
Nair NP, Hariharasubramanian N, Pilapil C. Circadian rhythm of plasma melatonin in endogenous depression. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 1984; 8(4-6): 715-8.
North CS, Pollio DE, Thompson SJ, Spitznagel EL, Smith EM. The association of psychiatric diagnosis with weather conditions in a large urban homeless sample. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology. 1998 May;33(5):206-10.
Ohtani T, Hisanobu K, Tareshi U, Ken I, Nobumasa K, Tsukasa S. Sensitivity to seasonal changes in panic disorder patients. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2006; 60: 379-383.
Ojane NM, Ursin R, Pallesen S, Kolsen F, Bjorvatin B. Increased Health risk in subjects with high self-reported seasonality. Plos One 2010, 5, 3: e9498.
Oyane NMF, Byelland I, Pallesen S, Holsten F, Bjorvantn B. Seasonality is associated with anxiety and depression: The Hordaland health study. Journal of Affective disorders. 2008; 105:147-155.
Page LA, Hajat S, Kovats RS. Relationship between daily suicide counts and temperature in England and Wales. British Journal of Psychiatry 2007;19:106-112.
Preti A. The influence od seasonal change on suicidal behaviour in Italy. Journal of Affective Disorders.1997; 44:123-130.
Radua J, Pertusa A, Cardoner N. Climatic relationship with specific clinical subtypes of depression. Psychiatry Research. 2010; 175: 217-220.
Sarrias MJ, Artigas F, Martinez E, Gelpi E. Seasonal changes of plasma serotonin and related parameters: correlation with environmental measures. Biological Psychiatry 1989; 26: 695-706.
Schory TJ, Piecznski N, Nair S, El-Mallakh RS. Barometric pressure, emergencypsychiatric visits and violent acts. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2003; 48: 624-7.
Shiloh R, Shapira A, Potcher O, Hermesh H, Popper M, Weizman A. Effects of climate on admission rates of shicophrenia patients to psychiatric hospital. European Psychiatry 2005; 20: 61-64.
Singh GP, Chavan BS, Arun P, Sidana A. Seasonal pattern of psychiatry service utilization in a tertiary care hospital. Indian Journal Psychiatry 2007; 49: 91-5.
Sulman FG. The impact of weather on human health. Review on Environmental Health 1984; 4: 83-119.
Terao T, Hoaki N. Light can ameliorate low mood in healthy people. Psychopharmacology. 2011; 213 (4):831.
Tsai JF, Hsiao S, Wang SY. Infrared irradiation has potential antidepressant effect. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 2007; 31: 1397-1400.
Volpe FM, Da Silva EM, Dos Santos TN, De Freitas DEG. Further evidence of seasonality of mania in the tropics suicidality. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2010; 124: 178–182.
Volpe FM, Tavares A, Del Porto JA. Seasonality of three dimensions of mania: Psychosis, aggression and suicidality. Journal of Affective Disorders 2008; 108: 95–100.
Watson D. Mood and temperament. The Guilford Press. New York 2000.
Winkler D, Pjrek E, Konstantinidis A, Praschak-Ieder N, Willeit M, Stastny J, et al. Anger attacks in seasonal affective disorder. The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology 2006; 9 (2): 215-9
Yackerson NS, Zilberman A, Todder D, Kaplan Z. The influence of several changes in atmospheric states over semi-arid areas on the incidence of mental health disorders. International Journal of Biometeorology 2011; 55(3): 403-10.
Bulbena A, Pailhez G, Aceña R, Cunillera J, Rius A, Garcia-Ribera C, Gutiérrez J, Rojo C.Panic anxiety, under the weather? International Journal of Biometeorology. 2005; 49 (4): 238-243.
Bulbena A, Sperry L, Pailhez G, Cunillera J. Panic attacks: Weather and season sensitivity? Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2007; 61: 129.
Christensen EM, Larsen JK, Gjerris A, Peacock L, Jacobi M, Hassenbalch E. Climatic factors and bipolar affective disorder. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry 2008; 62(1): 55-8.
Damasio AR. Descartes error: emotion, reason and the human brain. New York, Grosset/Putnam. 1994.
Daniels BA, Kirkby KC, Mitchell P, Hay D, Mowry B. Seasonal variation in hospital admission for bipolar disorder, depression and schizophrenia in Tasmania. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2000; 102,1: 38-43.
De Graaf R, Van Dorsselaer S, Ten Have M, Schoemaker C, Vollenberg WAM. Seasonal variation in mental disorders in the general population of a country with a maritime climate: findings from the Netherlands mental health survey and incidence study. American Journal of Epidemiology 2005; 162, 7: 654-661.
Deisenhammer EA, Kemmler G, Parson P. Association of meterological factors with suicide. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2003;108: 455-459.
Dumont M, Beaulieu C. Light exposure in the natural environment: Relevance to mood and sleep disorders. Sleep Medicine. 2007; 8: 557-565.
Erren TC, Nise MS, Meyer-Rochow VB. Latitude, light, clocks and mood. Psychopharmacology 2011; 216: 147–148.
Gorwood P. Restoring circadian rhytms: a new way to successfully manage depression. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2010; 24(8) Supplement 2: 15-19.
Hoaki N, Terao T, Wang Y, Goto S, Tsuchiyama K, Iwata N. Biological aspect of hyperthymic temperament: light, sleep, and serotonin. Psychopharmacology. 2011; 213 (2-3):633-8.
Howarth E, Hoffman MS. A multidimensional approach to the relationship between mood and weather. British Journal of Psychology 1984; 75: 15-23.
Hsiang-Yi T, Kao Chin C, Yen Kuang Y, et al. Sunshine-exposure variation of human striatal dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability in healthy volunteers. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 2011; 35: 107–110.
Huibers MJ, De Graag LE, Peeters FP, A. Does the weather make us sad? Meteorological determinants of mood and depression in the general population Psychiatry Research 2010; 180 (2): 143-146.
Kaplan Z, Schild K, Levine J. Violence in hospitalized psychiatric patients: diurnal and seasonal patterns. Psychiatry Research 1996; 60: 199-204.
Kennaway DJ. Clock genes at the haeart of depression. Journal of Psychopharmacology 2010; 24(8) Supplement 2: 5-14.
Koskela A, Kauppinen T, Keski-Rahkonen A, Sihvola E, Kaprio J, Rissanen A, et al. Brain serotonin transporter binding of [123I] ADAM: within-subject variation between summer and winter data. Chronobiology International 2008; 25: 657–65.
Lee HC, Lin HC, Tsai SY, Li CY, Chen CC, Huang CC. Suicide rates and the association with climate: a population-based study. Journal of Affective Disorders 2006; 92: 221-226.
Lee HC, Tsai SY, Lin HC. Seasonal variations in bipolar disorder admissions and the association with climate: A population-based study. Journal of Affective Disorders 2007; 97: 61–69.
Madden Pamela AF, Andrew Heath C, Norman Rosenthal E, Nicolas Martin G. Seasonal changes in Mood and Behavior. The role of genetic factors. Archives of General Psychiatry 1996; 53: 1.
Maes M, De Meyer F, Peeters D, Meltzer H, Schotte C, Scharpe S, et al. The periodicities in and biometeorological relationships with bed occupancy of an acute psychiatric ward in Antwerp, Belgium. International Journal of Biometeorology 1993; 37(2): 78-82.
Maes M, Scharpé S, Verkerk R, D'Hondt P, Peeters D, Cosyns P, et al .Seasonal variation in plasma tryptophan availability in healthy volunteers. Relationship to violent suicide occurrence. Archives of General Psychiatry 1995; 52: 937-946.
Magnusson A. An overview of epidemiological studies on seasonal affective disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 2000; 101: 176-184.
Magnusson A. Validation of the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). Journal of Affective Disorders. 1996; 40: 121-129.
Mann JJ, Waternaux C, Haas GL, Malone KM. Toward a clinical model of suicidal behavior in psychiatric patients. American Journal of Psychiatry 1999; 156:181-189.
McIntyre IM, Judd FK, Marriott PM, Burrows GD, Norman TR. Plasma Melatonin Levels in Affective States. International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Research 1989; 9: 159-164.
Molin J, Mellerup E, Bolwig T, Scheike T, Dam H. The influence of climate on development of winter depression. Journal of Affective Disorders 1999; 37:151 – 155.
Nair NP, Hariharasubramanian N, Pilapil C. Circadian rhythm of plasma melatonin in endogenous depression. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 1984; 8(4-6): 715-8.
North CS, Pollio DE, Thompson SJ, Spitznagel EL, Smith EM. The association of psychiatric diagnosis with weather conditions in a large urban homeless sample. Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology. 1998 May;33(5):206-10.
Ohtani T, Hisanobu K, Tareshi U, Ken I, Nobumasa K, Tsukasa S. Sensitivity to seasonal changes in panic disorder patients. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 2006; 60: 379-383.
Ojane NM, Ursin R, Pallesen S, Kolsen F, Bjorvatin B. Increased Health risk in subjects with high self-reported seasonality. Plos One 2010, 5, 3: e9498.
Oyane NMF, Byelland I, Pallesen S, Holsten F, Bjorvantn B. Seasonality is associated with anxiety and depression: The Hordaland health study. Journal of Affective disorders. 2008; 105:147-155.
Page LA, Hajat S, Kovats RS. Relationship between daily suicide counts and temperature in England and Wales. British Journal of Psychiatry 2007;19:106-112.
Preti A. The influence od seasonal change on suicidal behaviour in Italy. Journal of Affective Disorders.1997; 44:123-130.
Radua J, Pertusa A, Cardoner N. Climatic relationship with specific clinical subtypes of depression. Psychiatry Research. 2010; 175: 217-220.
Sarrias MJ, Artigas F, Martinez E, Gelpi E. Seasonal changes of plasma serotonin and related parameters: correlation with environmental measures. Biological Psychiatry 1989; 26: 695-706.
Schory TJ, Piecznski N, Nair S, El-Mallakh RS. Barometric pressure, emergencypsychiatric visits and violent acts. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 2003; 48: 624-7.
Shiloh R, Shapira A, Potcher O, Hermesh H, Popper M, Weizman A. Effects of climate on admission rates of shicophrenia patients to psychiatric hospital. European Psychiatry 2005; 20: 61-64.
Singh GP, Chavan BS, Arun P, Sidana A. Seasonal pattern of psychiatry service utilization in a tertiary care hospital. Indian Journal Psychiatry 2007; 49: 91-5.
Sulman FG. The impact of weather on human health. Review on Environmental Health 1984; 4: 83-119.
Terao T, Hoaki N. Light can ameliorate low mood in healthy people. Psychopharmacology. 2011; 213 (4):831.
Tsai JF, Hsiao S, Wang SY. Infrared irradiation has potential antidepressant effect. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 2007; 31: 1397-1400.
Volpe FM, Da Silva EM, Dos Santos TN, De Freitas DEG. Further evidence of seasonality of mania in the tropics suicidality. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2010; 124: 178–182.
Volpe FM, Tavares A, Del Porto JA. Seasonality of three dimensions of mania: Psychosis, aggression and suicidality. Journal of Affective Disorders 2008; 108: 95–100.
Watson D. Mood and temperament. The Guilford Press. New York 2000.
Winkler D, Pjrek E, Konstantinidis A, Praschak-Ieder N, Willeit M, Stastny J, et al. Anger attacks in seasonal affective disorder. The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology 2006; 9 (2): 215-9
Yackerson NS, Zilberman A, Todder D, Kaplan Z. The influence of several changes in atmospheric states over semi-arid areas on the incidence of mental health disorders. International Journal of Biometeorology 2011; 55(3): 403-10.
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