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Bertone, M. S., Díaz Granados, E. A., Vallejos, M., & Muniello, J. (2017). Differences in social cognition between male prisoners with antisocial personality or psychotic disorder. International Journal of Psychological Research, 10(2), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.2903
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To give up copyright, the authors allow that, International Journal of Psychological Research, distribute the work more broadly, check for the reuse by others and take care of the necessary procedures for the registration and administration of copyright; at the same time, our editorial board represents the interests of the author and allows authors to re-use his work in various forms. In response to the above, authors transfer copyright to the journal, International Journal of Psychological Research. This transfer does not imply other rights which are not those of authorship (for example those that concern about patents). Likewise, preserves the authors rights to use the work integral or partially in lectures, books and courses, as well as make copies for educational purposes. Finally, the authors may use freely the tables and figures in its future work, wherever make explicit reference to the previous publication in International Journal of Psychological Research. The assignment of copyright includes both virtual rights and forms of the article to allow the editorial to disseminate the work in the manner which it deems appropriate.
The editorial board reserves the right of amendments deemed necessary in the application of the rules of publication.
Abstract
The objective of this work is to discriminate between different neurocognitive circuits involved in empathy, one of
them linked to emotional processing and the other associated with cognitive function. This is evaluated through
the use of neuropsychological tools (Hinting Task, Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test and Cambridge Mind
Reading Test) empathic cognition and empathic emotion. In this study, 57 male prisoners were divided into
three groups: psychotic patients (20), antisocial patients (17), and a control group (20). Patients with psychosis
were found to have significantly lower scores than the antisocial and control groups in a social reasoning test,
but using tests of emotional recognition, we found that both psychotic patients and antisocial subjects scored
significantly lower than the control group.
References
Achima, A. M., Ouelleta, R., Rova, M. A., & Jacksona, P. L.
(2011). Assessment of empathy in first-episode psychosis
and meta-analytic comparison with previous
studies in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research, 190,
3-8.
Adolphs, R. (1999). Social cognition and the human brain.
Trends Cognitive Science, 3, 469-479.
Alc´azar-C´orcoles, M. A., Verdejo-Garc´ıa, A., & Bouso-Saiz,
J. C. (2008). La neuropsicolog´ıa forense ante el reto de
la relaci´on entre cognici´on y emoci´on en la psicopat´ıa.
Rev neurol, 47, 607-612.
Bagcioglu, E., Isikli, H., Demirel, H., Sahin, E., Kandemir,
E., Dursun, P., . . . Emul, M. (2014). Facial emotion
recognition in male antisocial personality disorders with
or without adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Compr Psychiatry, 55, 1152-1156.
Baron-Cohen, S., Jolliffe, T., Mortimore, C., & Robertson,
M. (1997). Another advanced test of theory of mind:
Evidence from very high functioning adults with asperger.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,
38, 813-822.
Beer, J., & Ochsner, K. (2006). Social cognition: A multi
level analysis. Brain Research 2006, 79(98), 105.
Beer, J. S., Shimamura, A. P., & Knight, R. T. (2004). Frontal
lobe contributions to executive control of cognitive and
social behavior. The Newest Cognitive Neurosciences,
3, 1091-1104.
Belmonte, M. K., Gomot, M., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2010).
Visual attention in autism families: ‘unaffected’ sibs
share atypical frontal activation. The Journal of Child
Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 259-276.
Bora, E., & Pantelis, C. (2013). Theory of mind impairments
in first-episode psychosis, individuals at ultra-high risk
for psychosis and in first-degree relatives of schizophrenia:
systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr
Res, 144, 31-36.
Brothers, L. (1990). The social brain: A project for integrating
primate behavior and neurophysiology in a new domain.
Concepts in Neuroscience, Vol. 1 (1990a), pp. 27-51
Key: citeulike:2826191, 1, 27-51.
Butman, J. (2001). La cognici´on social y la corteza cerebral.
Revista Neurol´ogica Argentina, 26, 117-122.
Cohen, S. B., Wheelwright, S., Hill, J., Raste, Y., & Plumb, I.
(2001). The reading the mind in the eyes. test revised
version: a study with normal adults, and adults with
asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. The
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, 241-
251.
Couture, S., Penn, D., & Roberts, D. L. (2006). The functional
significance of social cognition in schizophrenia: A
review. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 32, 44-63.
Craig, M., Catani, M., Deeley, Q., Latham, R., Daly, E.,
Kanaan, R., . . . Murphy, D. M. (2009). Altered connections
on the road to psychopathy. Molecular Psychiatry,
14, 946-953.
Damasio, A. (1994). El error de descartes: la raz´on de las
emociones. Santiago de Chile: Andres Bello.
Decety, J., & Moriguchi, Y. (2007). The empathic brain and its
dysfunction in psychiatric populations: Implications for
intervention across different clinical conditions. BioPsychoSocial
Medicine, 1, 22-33.
Dolan, M., & Fullam, R. (2004). Theory of mind and mentalizing
ability in antisocial personality disorders with
and without psychopathy. Psychol Med, 34, 93-102.
Emery, N., & Amaral, D. (2000). In cognitive neurosciencie
of emotion. In L. R. y Nadel L. (Ed.), The role of the
amygdala in primate social cognition (chap. The Role
of the Amygdala in Primate Social Cognition). Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
Garc´ıa, H. O., Ust´arroz, J. T., & L´opez-Go˜ni, J. J. (2012).
Valoraci´on de la cognici´on social en esquizofrenia a
trav´es del test de la mirada. implicaciones para la rehabilitaci
´on. Avances en Psicolog´ıa Latinoamericana,
30(1).
Gil, D., Fern´andez-Modamio, M., Benhochea, R., & Arrieta,
M. (2012). Adaptaci´on al espa˜nol de la prueba de
teor´ıa de la mente “hinting task”. Revista de psiquiatr´ıa
y salud mental, 5(2), 79-88.
Golan, O., Baron-Cohen, S., & Hill, J. J. (2006). The cambridge
mindreading face-voice battery: Testing complex
emotion recognition in adults with and without
asperger syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental
Disorders, 36(2), 169-183.
Iacoboni, M. (2009). Imitation, empathy, and mirror neurons.
Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 653-670.
Iacoboni, M., & Dapretto, M. (2006). The mirror neuron
system and the consequences of its dysfunction. Nature
Reviews Neuroscience, 7, 942-951.
Janssen, I., Krabbendam, L., Jolles, J., & Os, J. V. (2003). Alterations
in theory of mind in patients with schizophrenia
and non-psychotic relatives. Acta Psychiatr Scand108(2), 110-117.
Kleist, K. (1997). D´ıez comunicaciones. introducci´on a las
localizaciones cerebrales en neuropsiquiatr´ıa. Buenos
Aires: Polemos.
Krolak-Salmon, P. (2003). An attention modulated response
to disgust in human ventral anterior insula. Annals of
Neurology, 53(4), 446-453.
Lawrence, E. J., P.Shaw, Baker, D., Baron-Cohen, S., & David,
A. S. (2004). Measuring empathy: reliability and validity
of the empathy quotient. Psychological Medicine,
34(5), 911-920.
Leslie, A. M. (1987). Pretense and representation: The origins
of “theory of mind”. Psychological Review, 94(4), 412-
426.
Lou, H. C., Luber, B., Crupain, M., P.Keenan, J., Nowak, M.,
Kjaer, T. W., . . . H.Lisanby, S. (2004). Parietal cortex
and representation of the mental self. PNAS, 101(17),
6827-6832.
Lykken, D., & Ferrer, I. (2000). Las personalidades antisociales.
Herder.
Marshall, L. E., & Marshall, W. L. (2011). Empathy and antisocial
behaviour. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry &
Psychology, 22(5), 742-759.
Molina, F. (2013). Neurobiolog´ıa de la psicopat´ıa. Buenos
Aires, Argentina: Salerno.
Newbury-Helps, J., Feigenbaum, J., & Fonagy, P. (2017).
Offenders with antisocial personality disorder display
more impairments in mentalizing. Journal of Personality
Disorders, 31(2), 232-255.
nez, A. I., & Manes, F. (2012). Contextual social cognition
and the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia.
Neurology, 78, 1354-1362.
Pardini, D. A., Raine, A., Erickson, K., & Loeber, R. (2014).
Lower amygdala volume in men is associated with
childhood aggression, early psychopathic traits, and
future violence. Biological Psychiatry, 75(1), 73-80.
Patrick, C. J. (2000). Emociones y psicopat´ıa. Violencia y
psicopat´ıa, 89-118.
Penn, D. L., Ritchie, M., Francis, J., Combs, D., & Martin, J.
(2002). Social perception in schizophrenia: the role of
context. Psychiatry Research, 109(2), 149-159.
Piemontesi, S. E. (2010). Procesos en neurociencia social
cognitiva y afectiva para la comprensi´on e interacci´on
social: un marco integrador. Revista Argentina de Ciencias
del Comportamiento (RACC), 2(3), 30-44.
Premack, D., & Woodruff, G. (1978). Does the chimpanzee
have a theory of mind? The Behavioral and Brain
Sciences, 4, 515-526.
Raine, A., Lencz, T., Bihrle, S., LaCasse, L., & Colletti, P.
(2000). Reduced prefrontal gray matter volume and
reduced autonomic activity in antisocial personality
disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 57(2), 119-127.
Rom´an, F., Rojas, G., Rom´an, N., Iturry, M., Blanco, R., Leis,
A., . . . Allegri, R. F. (2012). Baremos del test de la
mirada en espa˜nol en adultos normales de buenos aires.
Revista Neuropsicolog´ıa Latinoamericana, 4(3), 1-5.
Ruggieri, V. (2013). Empat´ıa, cognici´on social y trastornos
del espectro autista. Rev Neurol, S13-S21.
Ru´ız-Ru´ız, J. C., Garc´ıa-Ferrer, S., & Fuentes-Dur´a, I. (2006).
La relevancia de la cognici´on social en la esquizofrenia.
Apuntes de Psicolog´ıa, 24, 137-155.
Serrano, C., & Allegri, R. F. (2006). Adult eyes test – spanish
(Vol. 2011) (No. June).
Shamay-Tsoory, S. G. (2010). The neural bases for empathy.
The Neuroscientist, 17(1), 18-24.
Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., Aharon-Peretz, J., & Perry, D. (2009).
Two systems for empathy: a double dissociation between
emotional and cognitive empathy in inferior
frontal gyrus versus ventromedial prefrontal lesions.
Brain, 132(3), 617-627.
Small, D. M., Gregory, M. D., Mak, Y. E., Gitelman, D.,
& Marsel, M. (2003). Dissociation of neural representation
of intensity and affective valuation in human
gustation. Neuron, 39(4), 701-711.
Sucksmith, E., Allison, C., Baron-Cohen, S., Chakrabarti,
B., & Hoekstra, R. A. (2013). Empathy and emotion
recognition in people with autism, first-degree relatives,
and controls. Neuropsychologia, 51(1), 98-105.
Uddin, L. Q., Iacoboni, M., Lange, C., & Keenan, J. P. (2007).
The self and social cognition: the role of cortical midline
structures and mirror neurons. Trends in Cognitive
Sciences, 11(4), 153-157.
Yang, Y., & Raine, A. (2009). Prefrontal structural and functional
brain imaging findings in antisocial, violent, and
psychopathic individuals: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry
Research: Neuroimaging, 174(2), 81-88.
(2011). Assessment of empathy in first-episode psychosis
and meta-analytic comparison with previous
studies in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research, 190,
3-8.
Adolphs, R. (1999). Social cognition and the human brain.
Trends Cognitive Science, 3, 469-479.
Alc´azar-C´orcoles, M. A., Verdejo-Garc´ıa, A., & Bouso-Saiz,
J. C. (2008). La neuropsicolog´ıa forense ante el reto de
la relaci´on entre cognici´on y emoci´on en la psicopat´ıa.
Rev neurol, 47, 607-612.
Bagcioglu, E., Isikli, H., Demirel, H., Sahin, E., Kandemir,
E., Dursun, P., . . . Emul, M. (2014). Facial emotion
recognition in male antisocial personality disorders with
or without adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Compr Psychiatry, 55, 1152-1156.
Baron-Cohen, S., Jolliffe, T., Mortimore, C., & Robertson,
M. (1997). Another advanced test of theory of mind:
Evidence from very high functioning adults with asperger.
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry,
38, 813-822.
Beer, J., & Ochsner, K. (2006). Social cognition: A multi
level analysis. Brain Research 2006, 79(98), 105.
Beer, J. S., Shimamura, A. P., & Knight, R. T. (2004). Frontal
lobe contributions to executive control of cognitive and
social behavior. The Newest Cognitive Neurosciences,
3, 1091-1104.
Belmonte, M. K., Gomot, M., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2010).
Visual attention in autism families: ‘unaffected’ sibs
share atypical frontal activation. The Journal of Child
Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 259-276.
Bora, E., & Pantelis, C. (2013). Theory of mind impairments
in first-episode psychosis, individuals at ultra-high risk
for psychosis and in first-degree relatives of schizophrenia:
systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr
Res, 144, 31-36.
Brothers, L. (1990). The social brain: A project for integrating
primate behavior and neurophysiology in a new domain.
Concepts in Neuroscience, Vol. 1 (1990a), pp. 27-51
Key: citeulike:2826191, 1, 27-51.
Butman, J. (2001). La cognici´on social y la corteza cerebral.
Revista Neurol´ogica Argentina, 26, 117-122.
Cohen, S. B., Wheelwright, S., Hill, J., Raste, Y., & Plumb, I.
(2001). The reading the mind in the eyes. test revised
version: a study with normal adults, and adults with
asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. The
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, 241-
251.
Couture, S., Penn, D., & Roberts, D. L. (2006). The functional
significance of social cognition in schizophrenia: A
review. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 32, 44-63.
Craig, M., Catani, M., Deeley, Q., Latham, R., Daly, E.,
Kanaan, R., . . . Murphy, D. M. (2009). Altered connections
on the road to psychopathy. Molecular Psychiatry,
14, 946-953.
Damasio, A. (1994). El error de descartes: la raz´on de las
emociones. Santiago de Chile: Andres Bello.
Decety, J., & Moriguchi, Y. (2007). The empathic brain and its
dysfunction in psychiatric populations: Implications for
intervention across different clinical conditions. BioPsychoSocial
Medicine, 1, 22-33.
Dolan, M., & Fullam, R. (2004). Theory of mind and mentalizing
ability in antisocial personality disorders with
and without psychopathy. Psychol Med, 34, 93-102.
Emery, N., & Amaral, D. (2000). In cognitive neurosciencie
of emotion. In L. R. y Nadel L. (Ed.), The role of the
amygdala in primate social cognition (chap. The Role
of the Amygdala in Primate Social Cognition). Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
Garc´ıa, H. O., Ust´arroz, J. T., & L´opez-Go˜ni, J. J. (2012).
Valoraci´on de la cognici´on social en esquizofrenia a
trav´es del test de la mirada. implicaciones para la rehabilitaci
´on. Avances en Psicolog´ıa Latinoamericana,
30(1).
Gil, D., Fern´andez-Modamio, M., Benhochea, R., & Arrieta,
M. (2012). Adaptaci´on al espa˜nol de la prueba de
teor´ıa de la mente “hinting task”. Revista de psiquiatr´ıa
y salud mental, 5(2), 79-88.
Golan, O., Baron-Cohen, S., & Hill, J. J. (2006). The cambridge
mindreading face-voice battery: Testing complex
emotion recognition in adults with and without
asperger syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental
Disorders, 36(2), 169-183.
Iacoboni, M. (2009). Imitation, empathy, and mirror neurons.
Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 653-670.
Iacoboni, M., & Dapretto, M. (2006). The mirror neuron
system and the consequences of its dysfunction. Nature
Reviews Neuroscience, 7, 942-951.
Janssen, I., Krabbendam, L., Jolles, J., & Os, J. V. (2003). Alterations
in theory of mind in patients with schizophrenia
and non-psychotic relatives. Acta Psychiatr Scand108(2), 110-117.
Kleist, K. (1997). D´ıez comunicaciones. introducci´on a las
localizaciones cerebrales en neuropsiquiatr´ıa. Buenos
Aires: Polemos.
Krolak-Salmon, P. (2003). An attention modulated response
to disgust in human ventral anterior insula. Annals of
Neurology, 53(4), 446-453.
Lawrence, E. J., P.Shaw, Baker, D., Baron-Cohen, S., & David,
A. S. (2004). Measuring empathy: reliability and validity
of the empathy quotient. Psychological Medicine,
34(5), 911-920.
Leslie, A. M. (1987). Pretense and representation: The origins
of “theory of mind”. Psychological Review, 94(4), 412-
426.
Lou, H. C., Luber, B., Crupain, M., P.Keenan, J., Nowak, M.,
Kjaer, T. W., . . . H.Lisanby, S. (2004). Parietal cortex
and representation of the mental self. PNAS, 101(17),
6827-6832.
Lykken, D., & Ferrer, I. (2000). Las personalidades antisociales.
Herder.
Marshall, L. E., & Marshall, W. L. (2011). Empathy and antisocial
behaviour. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry &
Psychology, 22(5), 742-759.
Molina, F. (2013). Neurobiolog´ıa de la psicopat´ıa. Buenos
Aires, Argentina: Salerno.
Newbury-Helps, J., Feigenbaum, J., & Fonagy, P. (2017).
Offenders with antisocial personality disorder display
more impairments in mentalizing. Journal of Personality
Disorders, 31(2), 232-255.
nez, A. I., & Manes, F. (2012). Contextual social cognition
and the behavioral variant of frontotemporal dementia.
Neurology, 78, 1354-1362.
Pardini, D. A., Raine, A., Erickson, K., & Loeber, R. (2014).
Lower amygdala volume in men is associated with
childhood aggression, early psychopathic traits, and
future violence. Biological Psychiatry, 75(1), 73-80.
Patrick, C. J. (2000). Emociones y psicopat´ıa. Violencia y
psicopat´ıa, 89-118.
Penn, D. L., Ritchie, M., Francis, J., Combs, D., & Martin, J.
(2002). Social perception in schizophrenia: the role of
context. Psychiatry Research, 109(2), 149-159.
Piemontesi, S. E. (2010). Procesos en neurociencia social
cognitiva y afectiva para la comprensi´on e interacci´on
social: un marco integrador. Revista Argentina de Ciencias
del Comportamiento (RACC), 2(3), 30-44.
Premack, D., & Woodruff, G. (1978). Does the chimpanzee
have a theory of mind? The Behavioral and Brain
Sciences, 4, 515-526.
Raine, A., Lencz, T., Bihrle, S., LaCasse, L., & Colletti, P.
(2000). Reduced prefrontal gray matter volume and
reduced autonomic activity in antisocial personality
disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 57(2), 119-127.
Rom´an, F., Rojas, G., Rom´an, N., Iturry, M., Blanco, R., Leis,
A., . . . Allegri, R. F. (2012). Baremos del test de la
mirada en espa˜nol en adultos normales de buenos aires.
Revista Neuropsicolog´ıa Latinoamericana, 4(3), 1-5.
Ruggieri, V. (2013). Empat´ıa, cognici´on social y trastornos
del espectro autista. Rev Neurol, S13-S21.
Ru´ız-Ru´ız, J. C., Garc´ıa-Ferrer, S., & Fuentes-Dur´a, I. (2006).
La relevancia de la cognici´on social en la esquizofrenia.
Apuntes de Psicolog´ıa, 24, 137-155.
Serrano, C., & Allegri, R. F. (2006). Adult eyes test – spanish
(Vol. 2011) (No. June).
Shamay-Tsoory, S. G. (2010). The neural bases for empathy.
The Neuroscientist, 17(1), 18-24.
Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., Aharon-Peretz, J., & Perry, D. (2009).
Two systems for empathy: a double dissociation between
emotional and cognitive empathy in inferior
frontal gyrus versus ventromedial prefrontal lesions.
Brain, 132(3), 617-627.
Small, D. M., Gregory, M. D., Mak, Y. E., Gitelman, D.,
& Marsel, M. (2003). Dissociation of neural representation
of intensity and affective valuation in human
gustation. Neuron, 39(4), 701-711.
Sucksmith, E., Allison, C., Baron-Cohen, S., Chakrabarti,
B., & Hoekstra, R. A. (2013). Empathy and emotion
recognition in people with autism, first-degree relatives,
and controls. Neuropsychologia, 51(1), 98-105.
Uddin, L. Q., Iacoboni, M., Lange, C., & Keenan, J. P. (2007).
The self and social cognition: the role of cortical midline
structures and mirror neurons. Trends in Cognitive
Sciences, 11(4), 153-157.
Yang, Y., & Raine, A. (2009). Prefrontal structural and functional
brain imaging findings in antisocial, violent, and
psychopathic individuals: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry
Research: Neuroimaging, 174(2), 81-88.
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