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Martínez Rodríguez, T. Y., Bernal Gómez, S. J., Mora Vergara, A. P., Hun Gamboa, N. E., Castillo, Z. R., Valdés Miramontes, E. H., & Espinoza Gallardo, A. C. (2021). Dysfunctional Patterns of Food Intake by Anxiety during Isolation by COVID-19 in Chile, Colombia and Mexico. International Journal of Psychological Research, 14(1), 48–54. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.4721
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The editorial board reserves the right of amendments deemed necessary in the application of the rules of publication.
To give up copyright, the authors allow that, International Journal of Psychological Research, distribute the work more broadly, check for the reuse by others and take care of the necessary procedures for the registration and administration of copyright; at the same time, our editorial board represents the interests of the author and allows authors to re-use his work in various forms. In response to the above, authors transfer copyright to the journal, International Journal of Psychological Research. This transfer does not imply other rights which are not those of authorship (for example those that concern about patents). Likewise, preserves the authors rights to use the work integral or partially in lectures, books and courses, as well as make copies for educational purposes. Finally, the authors may use freely the tables and figures in its future work, wherever make explicit reference to the previous publication in International Journal of Psychological Research. The assignment of copyright includes both virtual rights and forms of the article to allow the editorial to disseminate the work in the manner which it deems appropriate.
The editorial board reserves the right of amendments deemed necessary in the application of the rules of publication.
Abstract
The aim of this research was to compare food intake dysfunctional patterns score with the subjective perception of anxiety and sociodemographic characteristics of the participants in isolation by COVID-19 from Chile, Colombia, and Mexico. A cross-sectional research was carried out, with a virtual questionnaire of subjective perception of anxiety and the questionnaire of three 18-item feeding factors. 958 people of both sexes participated (F = 83%,M = 17%), mainly in the 18 to 35 age range. Dysfunctional eating patterns presented high scores in people who perceived anxiety, as well as in participants from Chile. Additionally, it was found that women present greater cognitive restriction and emotional intake, and college students showed greater disinhibition. In conclusion, the scores of the three dysfunctional eating patterns were higher in people with subjective perception of anxiety during social isolation due to COVID-19, and there were also differences according to country, sex, and educational level.
References
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Cardi, V., Leppanen, J., & Treasure, J. (2015). The effects of negative and positive mood induction on eating behaviour: A meta-analysis of laboratory studies in the healthy population and eating and weight disorders. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 57, 299–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.08.011.
Chao, A. M., Grilo, C., & Sinha, R. (2016). Food cravings, binge eating, and eating disorder psychopathology: Exploring the moderating roles of gender and race. Eating Behaviors, 21, 41–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.12.007.
Devonport, T. J., Nicholls, W., & Fullerton, C. (2019). A systematic review of the association between emotions and eating behaviour in normal and overweight adult populations. Journal of Health Psychology, 24 (1), 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105317697813.
Evers, C., Dingemans, A., Junghans, A. F., & Boevé, A. (2018). Feeling bad or feeling good, does emotion affect your consumption of food? A meta-analysis of the experimental evidence. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 92, 195–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.028.
Goodman, E. L., Breithaupt, L., Watson, H. J., Peat, C. M., Baker, J. H., Bulik, C. M., & Brownley, K. A. (2018). Sweet taste preference in bingeeating disorder: A preliminary investigation. Eating Behaviors, 28, 8–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2017.11.005.
Groesz, L., McCoy, S., Carl, J., Saslow, L., Stewart, J., Adler, N., Laraia, B., & Epel, E. (2012). What is eating you. National Institute of Health, 58 (2), 717–721. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.appet.2011.11.028.
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Kaplan, H., & Kaplan, H. (1957). The psychosomatic concept of obesity. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 125 (2), 181–201. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-195704000-00004.
Lavender, J. M., De Young, K. P., Wonderlich, S. A., Crosby, R. D., Engel, S. G., Mitchell, J. E., Crow, S. J., Peterson, C. B., & Le Grange, D. (2013). Daily patterns of anxiety in anorexia nervosa: Associations with eating disorder behaviors in the natural environment. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122 (3), 672–683. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031823.
Ministerio de Salud. (2017). Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016–2017. Primeros resultados. Departamento de Epidemiología, División de Planificación Sanitaria, Subsecretaría de Salud Pública. https://www.minsal.cl/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/ENS-2016-17_PRIMEROS-RESULTADOS.pdf.
Penaforte, F. R., Minelli, M. C. S., Rezende, L. A., & Japur, C. C. (2019). Anxiety symptoms and emotional eating are independently associated with sweet craving in young adults. Psychiatry Research, 271, 715–720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.070.
Poínhos, R., Oliveira, B. M. P. M., & Correia, F. (2013). Eating behaviour patterns and BMI in Portuguese higher education students. Appetite, 71, 314–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2013.08.024.
Rodin, J. (1975). Causes and consequences of time perception differences in overweight and normal weight people. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31 (5), 898–904. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076866.
Rodin, J., & Slochower, J. (1976). Externality in the nonobese: Effects of environmental responsiveness on weight. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33 (3), 338–344. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.33.3.338.
Sanlier, N., Biyikli, A. E., & Biyikli, E. T. (2015). Evaluating the Relationship of Eating Behaviors of University Students with Body Mass Index and Self-Esteem.Ecology ofFood and Nutrition, 54 (2), 175–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2014.896798.
Schachter, S., Goldman, R., & Gordon, A. (1968). Effects of fear, food deprivation, and obesity on eating. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 10 (2), 91–97. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0026284.
Sierra, J. C., Ortega, V., & Zubeidat, I. (2003). Ansiedad, angustia y estrés: Tres conceptos a diferenciar. Revista Mal-Estar E Subjetividade, 3 (1), 10–59. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/271/27130102.pdf.
Silva, J. R. (2008a). Restricción alimentaria y sobrealimentación: Un modelo de la neurociencia afectiva [Overeating and restrained eaters. An affective neuroscience perspective]. Revista Medica de Chile, 136, 1336–1342. https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/rmc/v136n10/art16.pdf.
Silva, J. R. (2008b). Sobrealimentación Inducida por la Ansiedad, Parte II: Un Marco de Referencia Neurocientífico para el Desarrollo de Técnicas Psicoterapéuticas y Programas de Prevención. Terapia Psicológica, 26 (1), 99–115. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48082008000100009.
Silva, J. R., Pizzagalli, D. A., Larson, C. L., Jackson, D. C., & Davidson, R. J. (2002). Frontal Brain Asymmetry in Restrained Eaters. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111 (4), 676–681.
Silva, J. R., Pizzagalli, D. A., Larson, C. L., Jackson, D. C., & Davidson, R. J. (2013). Problematic eating behaviors and nutritional status in 7 to 12 year-old Chilean children. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 13 (1), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1697-2600(13)70005-X.
Tan, C. C., & Chow, C. M. (2014). Stress and emotional eating: The mediating role of eating dysregulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 66, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.033.
Verzijl, C. L., Ahlich, E., Schlauch, R. C., & Rancourt, D. (2018). The role of craving in emotional and uncontrolled eating. Appetite, 123, 146–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.12.014.
Wallis, D. J., & Hetherington, M. M. (2009). Emotions and eating. Self-reported and experimentally induced changes in food intake under stress. Appetite, 52 (2), 355–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2008.11.007.
Wang, G., Volkow, N. D., Telang, F., Jayne, M., Ma, Y., Pradhan, K., Zhu, W., Wong, C. T., Thanos, P. K., Geliebter, A., et al. (2009). Evidence of gender differences in the ability to inhibit brain activation elicited by food stimulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106 (4), 1249–1254. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0807423106.
Wang, G., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhang, J., & Jiang, F. (2020). Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the covid-19 outbreak. The Lancet, 395 (10228), 945–947. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30547-X.
Wilder-Smith, A., & Freedman, D. O. (2020). Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. Journal of Travel Medicine, 27 (2), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa020.
Bourdier, L., Morvan, Y., Kotbagi, G., Kern, L., Romo, L., & Berthoz, S. (2018). Examination of emotioninduced changes in eating: A latent profile analysis of the Emotional Appetite Questionnaire. Appetite, 123, 72–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.11.108.
Burton, P., J. Smit, H., & J. Lightowler, H. (2007). The influence of restrained and external eating patterns on overeating. Appetite, 49 (1), 191–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2007.01.007.
Cardi, V., Leppanen, J., & Treasure, J. (2015). The effects of negative and positive mood induction on eating behaviour: A meta-analysis of laboratory studies in the healthy population and eating and weight disorders. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 57, 299–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.08.011.
Chao, A. M., Grilo, C., & Sinha, R. (2016). Food cravings, binge eating, and eating disorder psychopathology: Exploring the moderating roles of gender and race. Eating Behaviors, 21, 41–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.12.007.
Devonport, T. J., Nicholls, W., & Fullerton, C. (2019). A systematic review of the association between emotions and eating behaviour in normal and overweight adult populations. Journal of Health Psychology, 24 (1), 3–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105317697813.
Evers, C., Dingemans, A., Junghans, A. F., & Boevé, A. (2018). Feeling bad or feeling good, does emotion affect your consumption of food? A meta-analysis of the experimental evidence. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 92, 195–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.05.028.
Goodman, E. L., Breithaupt, L., Watson, H. J., Peat, C. M., Baker, J. H., Bulik, C. M., & Brownley, K. A. (2018). Sweet taste preference in bingeeating disorder: A preliminary investigation. Eating Behaviors, 28, 8–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2017.11.005.
Groesz, L., McCoy, S., Carl, J., Saslow, L., Stewart, J., Adler, N., Laraia, B., & Epel, E. (2012). What is eating you. National Institute of Health, 58 (2), 717–721. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.appet.2011.11.028.
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública [INSP]. (2018). Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición. Centro de Investigación en Evaluación y Encuestas (CIEE). https://ensanut.insp.mx.
Jáuregui-Lobera, I., García-Cruz, P., Carbonero-Carreño,R., Magallares, A., & Ruiz-Prieto, I. (2014). Psychometric properties of Spanish version of the three-factor eating questionnaire –R18 (Tfeq-Sp) and its relationship with some eating– and body image-related variables. Nutrients, 6 (12), 5619–5635. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6125619.
Kaplan, H., & Kaplan, H. (1957). The psychosomatic concept of obesity. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 125 (2), 181–201. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-195704000-00004.
Lavender, J. M., De Young, K. P., Wonderlich, S. A., Crosby, R. D., Engel, S. G., Mitchell, J. E., Crow, S. J., Peterson, C. B., & Le Grange, D. (2013). Daily patterns of anxiety in anorexia nervosa: Associations with eating disorder behaviors in the natural environment. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 122 (3), 672–683. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031823.
Ministerio de Salud. (2017). Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016–2017. Primeros resultados. Departamento de Epidemiología, División de Planificación Sanitaria, Subsecretaría de Salud Pública. https://www.minsal.cl/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/ENS-2016-17_PRIMEROS-RESULTADOS.pdf.
Penaforte, F. R., Minelli, M. C. S., Rezende, L. A., & Japur, C. C. (2019). Anxiety symptoms and emotional eating are independently associated with sweet craving in young adults. Psychiatry Research, 271, 715–720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.070.
Poínhos, R., Oliveira, B. M. P. M., & Correia, F. (2013). Eating behaviour patterns and BMI in Portuguese higher education students. Appetite, 71, 314–320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2013.08.024.
Rodin, J. (1975). Causes and consequences of time perception differences in overweight and normal weight people. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 31 (5), 898–904. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076866.
Rodin, J., & Slochower, J. (1976). Externality in the nonobese: Effects of environmental responsiveness on weight. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 33 (3), 338–344. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.33.3.338.
Sanlier, N., Biyikli, A. E., & Biyikli, E. T. (2015). Evaluating the Relationship of Eating Behaviors of University Students with Body Mass Index and Self-Esteem.Ecology ofFood and Nutrition, 54 (2), 175–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/03670244.2014.896798.
Schachter, S., Goldman, R., & Gordon, A. (1968). Effects of fear, food deprivation, and obesity on eating. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 10 (2), 91–97. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0026284.
Sierra, J. C., Ortega, V., & Zubeidat, I. (2003). Ansiedad, angustia y estrés: Tres conceptos a diferenciar. Revista Mal-Estar E Subjetividade, 3 (1), 10–59. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/271/27130102.pdf.
Silva, J. R. (2008a). Restricción alimentaria y sobrealimentación: Un modelo de la neurociencia afectiva [Overeating and restrained eaters. An affective neuroscience perspective]. Revista Medica de Chile, 136, 1336–1342. https://scielo.conicyt.cl/pdf/rmc/v136n10/art16.pdf.
Silva, J. R. (2008b). Sobrealimentación Inducida por la Ansiedad, Parte II: Un Marco de Referencia Neurocientífico para el Desarrollo de Técnicas Psicoterapéuticas y Programas de Prevención. Terapia Psicológica, 26 (1), 99–115. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48082008000100009.
Silva, J. R., Pizzagalli, D. A., Larson, C. L., Jackson, D. C., & Davidson, R. J. (2002). Frontal Brain Asymmetry in Restrained Eaters. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111 (4), 676–681.
Silva, J. R., Pizzagalli, D. A., Larson, C. L., Jackson, D. C., & Davidson, R. J. (2013). Problematic eating behaviors and nutritional status in 7 to 12 year-old Chilean children. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 13 (1), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1697-2600(13)70005-X.
Tan, C. C., & Chow, C. M. (2014). Stress and emotional eating: The mediating role of eating dysregulation. Personality and Individual Differences, 66, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.02.033.
Verzijl, C. L., Ahlich, E., Schlauch, R. C., & Rancourt, D. (2018). The role of craving in emotional and uncontrolled eating. Appetite, 123, 146–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.12.014.
Wallis, D. J., & Hetherington, M. M. (2009). Emotions and eating. Self-reported and experimentally induced changes in food intake under stress. Appetite, 52 (2), 355–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2008.11.007.
Wang, G., Volkow, N. D., Telang, F., Jayne, M., Ma, Y., Pradhan, K., Zhu, W., Wong, C. T., Thanos, P. K., Geliebter, A., et al. (2009). Evidence of gender differences in the ability to inhibit brain activation elicited by food stimulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106 (4), 1249–1254. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0807423106.
Wang, G., Zhang, Y., Zhao, J., Zhang, J., & Jiang, F. (2020). Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the covid-19 outbreak. The Lancet, 395 (10228), 945–947. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30547-X.
Wilder-Smith, A., & Freedman, D. O. (2020). Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. Journal of Travel Medicine, 27 (2), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taaa020.
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