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Myles, L., & Merlo, E. (2022). Elucidating the Cognitive Mechanisms Underpinning Behavioural Activation. International Journal of Psychological Research, 15(1), 126–132. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.5400
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The editorial board reserves the right of amendments deemed necessary in the application of the rules of publication.
To give up copyright, the authors allow that, International Journal of Psychological Research, distribute the work more broadly, check for the reuse by others and take care of the necessary procedures for the registration and administration of copyright; at the same time, our editorial board represents the interests of the author and allows authors to re-use his work in various forms. In response to the above, authors transfer copyright to the journal, International Journal of Psychological Research. This transfer does not imply other rights which are not those of authorship (for example those that concern about patents). Likewise, preserves the authors rights to use the work integral or partially in lectures, books and courses, as well as make copies for educational purposes. Finally, the authors may use freely the tables and figures in its future work, wherever make explicit reference to the previous publication in International Journal of Psychological Research. The assignment of copyright includes both virtual rights and forms of the article to allow the editorial to disseminate the work in the manner which it deems appropriate.
The editorial board reserves the right of amendments deemed necessary in the application of the rules of publication.
Abstract
Depression represents a pervasive and devastating psychological difficulty. It affects over 21% of the population at some point in their lives and can have an unimaginable impact on both individuals and society. Behavioural activation represents a popular intervention for depression and is commonly used by psychologists internationally. Despite its popularity, the cognitive mechanisms underpinning the efficacy of behavioural activation remain elusive. This paper will review the literature on this intervention and propose an account of the cognitive mechanisms underlying its therapeutic efficacy. Specifically, it is argued that behavioural activation is effective because it increases both the density of outcomes in ones environment and the density of highly salient action-outcome contingencies, which may otherwise be absent due to reduced motivation. The clinical implications are subsequently discussed, with reference to future research.
References
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Haselgrove, M., & Hogarth, L. (Eds.) (2013). Clinical applications of learning theory. Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203803509
Hopko, D. R., Lejuez, C. W., Ryba, M. M., Shorter, R. L., & Bell, J. L. (2016). Support for the efficacy of behavioural activation in treating anxiety in breast cancer patients. Clinical Psychologist, 20 (1), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/cp.12083
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Bjørkløf, G. H., Engedal, K., Selbæk, G., Maia, D. B., Coutinho, E. S. F., & Helvik, A. S. (2016). Locus of control and coping strategies in older persons with and without depression. Aging & mental health, 20 (8), 831–839. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2015.1040722
Burns, D., Westra, H., Trockel, M., & Fisher, A. (2013). Motivation and changes in depression. Cognitive therapy and research, 37 (2), 368–379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-012-9458-3
Chartier, I. S., & Provencher, M. D. (2013). Behavioural activation for depression: Efficacy, effectiveness and dissemination. Journal of affective disorders, 145 (3), 292–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2012.07.023
Cheng, C., Cheung, S. F., Chio, J. H. M., & Chan, M. P. S. (2013). Cultural meaning of perceived control: A meta-analysis of locus of control and psychological symptoms across 18 cultural regions. Psychological Bulletin, 139 (1), 152–188. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028596
Cohen, S., Rothbart, M., & Phillips, S. (1976). Locus of control and the generality of learned helplessness in humans. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 34 (6), 1049–1056. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.34.6.1049
Crandall, A., Allsop, Y., & Hanson, C. L. (2018). The longitudinal association between cognitive control capacities, suicidality, and depression during late adolescence and young adulthood. Journal of adolescence, 65, 167–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.03.009
Dimidjian, S., Hollon, S. D., Dobson, K. S., Schmaling, K. B., Kohlenberg, R. J., Addis, M. E., & Jacobson, N. S. (2006). Randomized trial of behavioral activation, cognitive therapy, and antidepressant medication in the acute treatment of adults with major depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 74 (4), 658–670. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.74.4.658
Ekers, D., Webster, L., Van Straten, A., Cuijpers, P., Richards, D., & Gilbody, S. (2014). Behavioural activation for depression; an update of metaanalysis of effectiveness and sub group analysis. PloS one, 9 (6), e100100. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100100
Grahek, I., Shenhav, A., Musslick, S., Krebs, R. M., & Koster, E. H. (2019). Motivation and cognitive control in depression. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 102, 371–381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.04.011
Hamilton, E. W., & Abramson, L. Y. (1983). Cognitive patterns and major depressive disorder: A longitudinal study in a hospital setting. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 92 (2), 173–184. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.92.2.173
Haselgrove, M., & Hogarth, L. (Eds.) (2013). Clinical applications of learning theory. Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203803509
Hopko, D. R., Lejuez, C. W., Ryba, M. M., Shorter, R. L., & Bell, J. L. (2016). Support for the efficacy of behavioural activation in treating anxiety in breast cancer patients. Clinical Psychologist, 20 (1), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.1111/cp.12083
Jacobson, N. S., Martell, C. R., & Dimidjian, S. (2001). Behavioral activation treatment for depression: Returning to contextual roots. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 8 (3), 255–270. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.8.3.255
Johnstone, L., & Dallos, R. (2013). Formulation in psychology and psychotherapy: Making sense of people’s problems. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203380574-10
Kanter, J. W., Puspitasari, A. J., Santos, M. M., & Nagy, G. A. (2012). Behavioural activation: History, evidence and promise. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 200 (5), 361–363. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.111.103390
Kleinberg, A., Aluoja, A., & Vasar, V. (2013). Social support in depression: Structural and functional factors, perceived control and help-seeking. Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences, 22 (4), 345–353. https://doi.org/10.1017/s2045796013000504
Lefcourt, H. M. (1991). Locus of control. Academic Press. Mackintosh, N. J. (1975). A theory of attention: Variations in the associability of stimuli with reinforcement. Psychological Review, 82 (4), 276–298. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076778
Martell, C. R., Addis, M. E., & Jacobson, N. S. (2001). Depression in context: Strategies for guided action. WW Norton & Co. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1352465803272118
Martin, D. J., Abramson, L. Y., & Alloy, L. B. (1984). Illusion of control for self and others in depressed and non-depressed college students. Journal of personality and social psychology, 46 (1), 125–136. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.46.1.125
Martin, F., & Oliver, T. (2019). Behavioral activation for children and adolescents: A systematic review of progress and promise. European child & adolescent psychiatry, 28 (4), 427–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1126-z
Martínez-Vispo, C., Martínez, Ú., López-Durán, A., Del Río, E. F., & Becoña, E. (2018). Effects of behavioural activation on substance use and depression: A systematic review. Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy, 13 (1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-018-0173-2
Masterson, C., Ekers, D., Gilbody, S., Richards, D., Toner-Clewes, B., & McMillan, D. (2014). Sudden gains in behavioural activation for depression. Behaviour research and therapy, 60, 34–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2014.06.008
Mazzucchelli, T., Kane, R., & Rees, C. (2009). Behavioral activation treatments for depression in adults: A metaanalysis and review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 16 (4), 383–411. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.2009.01178.x
Merlo, E., Pappalardo, S., & Myles, L. (2022). The VESPA Project: Virtual Reality Interventions for Neurocognitive and Developmental Disorders. Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences, 9 (1), 16–27. https://doi.org/10.22543/7674.91.P1627
Miller, R. R., Barnet, R. C., & Grahame, N. J. (1995). Assessment of the Rescorla-Wagner model. Psychological Bulletin, 117 (3), 363–386. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.363
Moradveisi, L., Huibers, M. J., Renner, F., Arasteh, M., & Arntz, A. (2013). Behavioural activation v. antidepressant medication for treating depression in Iran: Randomised trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 202 (3), 204–211. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.112.113696
Myles, L. (2020a). ACTing autonomously. The Psychologist, 33 (7). https://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/acting-autonomously
Myles, L. (2020b). Taking control of mental health. The Psychologist, 33 (4), 7. https://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/taking-control-mental-health
Myles, L., & Merlo, E. (2021). Alexithymia and physical outcomes in psychosomatic subjects: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences, 8 (1), 76–85. https://scholar.valpo.edu/jmms/vol8/iss1/12
Myles, L., Merlo, E., & Obele, A. (2021). Desire for Control Moderates the Relationship between Perceived Control and Depressive Symptomology. Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences, 8 (2), 229–305. https://doi.org/10.22543/7674.82.P299305
Myles, L. A. M. (2021a). The Emerging Role of Computational Psychopathology in Clinical Psychology. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 9 (1). https://doi.org/10.6092/2282-1619/mjcp-2895
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