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Juarros-Basterretxea, J., Rodríguez-Franco, L., Herrero, J., & Rodríguez-Díaz, F. J. (2024). Brief Version of the Revised-Abbreviated Eysenck Personality Questionnaire in a Spanish Young Adult Population. International Journal of Psychological Research, 17(1), 7–19. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.6058
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The editorial board reserves the right of amendments deemed necessary in the application of the rules of publication.
To give up copyright, the authors allow that, International Journal of Psychological Research, distribute the work more broadly, check for the reuse by others and take care of the necessary procedures for the registration and administration of copyright; at the same time, our editorial board represents the interests of the author and allows authors to re-use his work in various forms. In response to the above, authors transfer copyright to the journal, International Journal of Psychological Research. This transfer does not imply other rights which are not those of authorship (for example those that concern about patents). Likewise, preserves the authors rights to use the work integral or partially in lectures, books and courses, as well as make copies for educational purposes. Finally, the authors may use freely the tables and figures in its future work, wherever make explicit reference to the previous publication in International Journal of Psychological Research. The assignment of copyright includes both virtual rights and forms of the article to allow the editorial to disseminate the work in the manner which it deems appropriate.
The editorial board reserves the right of amendments deemed necessary in the application of the rules of publication.
Abstract
Eysenck’s PEN model is one of the most relevant and fruitful models with empirical support, and continues eliciting a large research corpus. Nevertheless, the systematic limitations regarding the psychoticism dimension and questionable inclusion of social desirability as a personality dimension have limited the model. The current research aimed to estimate an alternative
PEN model including social desirability as a control and test its validity and reliability. This sample consists of 2969 Spanish young adults. Confirmatory factor analysis was carried out to test the fitting of four different models to
the data. Once the best-fitting model was obtained, multiple-group analyses were carried out to assess the configural, metric, and scalar invariance of the
model across sexes. The results showed that the three-dimension PEN model and two-dimension EN model controlling social desirability best fit the data
and were invariant across sexes. Despite the apparent appropriateness of both models, the EN model controlling for social desirability is more appropriate due to the weakness of the P dimension.
References
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Almiro, P. A., & Ferreira, I. S. (2020). Estudo de validação da versão portuguesa do Questionário de Personalidade de Eysenck – Forma Revisada (EPQ-R) em contexto industrial. Revista E-Psi, 9(3), 116-132.
Almiro, P. A., Moura, O. & Simões, M. R. (2016). Psychometric properties of the European Portuguese version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire – Revised (EPQ-R). Personality and Individual Differences, 88, 88-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.050
Bouvard, M., Aulard-Jaccod, J., Pessonneaux, S., Hautekeetec, M., & Rogé, B. (2010). Étude du questionnaire de personnalité d’Eysenck réviséet abrégé (EPQR-A) dans une population d’étudiants. L’Encéphale, 36, 510-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2010.02.006
Bowden, S. C., Saklofske, D. H., van de Vijver, F. J. R., Sudarshan, N. J., & Eysenck, S. B. G. (2018). Cross-cultural measurement invariance of the Eysenck personality Questionnaire across 33 countries. Personality and Individual Differences, 103, 53 – 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.028
Colledani, D., Anselmi, P., & Robusto, E. (2018). Using item response theory for the development of a new short form of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1834. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01834
Colledani, D., Anselmi, P., & Robusto, E. (2019). Development of a new abbreviated form of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised with multidimensional item response theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 149, 108 – 117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.05.044
Cruise, S. M., Lewis, C. A., & Guckin, C. M. (2007). Revisiting Eysenck’s personality dimensions and gender orientation. The Irish Journal of Psychology, 28(3), 159-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03033910.2007.10446258
Dong, Y., & Dumas, D. (2020). Are personality measures valid for different populations? A systematic review of measurement invariance across cultures, gender, and age. Personality and Individual Differences, 160, 109956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.109956
Dueber, D. M. (2017). Bifactor Indices Calculator: A Microsoft Excel-based tool to calculate various indices relevant to bifactor CFA models. https://dx.doi.org/10.13023/edp.tool.01 [Available at http://sites.education.uky.edu/apslab/resources/]
Elosua, P., & Zumbo, B. D. (2008). Reliability coefficients for categorical response scales. Psicothema, 20, 896-901.
Eysenck, H. J., (1952). The scientific study of personality. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Eysenck, H. J. (1958). A short questionnaire for the measurement of two dimensions of personality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 42, 14-17.
Eysenck, H. J. (1959). Manual of the Maudsley Personality lnventory. London: University of London Press.
Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, S. B. G. (1964). Manual of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. London: University of London Press
Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, S. B. G. (1975). Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (adult and junior). London: Hodder & Stoughton.
Eysenck, H.J., & Eysenck, S.B.G. (1991). Eysenck Personality Scales (EPS Adult). London: Hodder & Stoughton
Eysenck, S. B. G., Eysenck, H. J., & Barrett, P. (1985). A revised version of the psychoticism scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 6, 21-29.
Eysenck, S., & Barrett, P. (2013). Re-introduction to cross-cultural studies of the EPQ. Personality and Individual Differences, 54, 485-489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.09.022
Francis, L.J., Lewis, C.A., & Ziebertz, H.G. (2006). The Short-Form Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQR-S): A German edition. Social Behavior and Personality. An International Journal 34, 197-204. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2006.34.2.197
Francis, L.J., Brown, L.B., & Philipchalk, R. (1992). The development of an abbreviated form of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQR-A): Its use among students in England, Canada, the USA and Australia. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 443-449. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(92)90073-X
Forrest, S., Lewis, C. A., & Shevlin, M. (2000). Examining the factor structure and differential functioning of the Eysenck personality questionnaire revised-abbreviated. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 579-588. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00220-2
Gadermann, A. M., Guhn, M., & Zumbo, B. D. (2012). Estimating ordinal reliability for Likert-type and ordinal data: A conceptual, empirical, and practical guide. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 17(3), Available online: http://pareonline.net/getvn.asp?v=17&n=3
García-González, J. M., Fernández-Muñoz, J. J., Vergara-Moragues, E., & García-Moreno, L. M. (2021). Eysenck personality questionnaire revised-abbreviated: Invariance gender in Spanish university students. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 19(1), 205-222.
Gosling, S.D., Rentfrow, P.G., & Swann, W.B. Jr. (2003). A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains. Journal of Research in Personality 37, 504–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00046-1
Hu, L., Bentler, P.M., 1999. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1–55.
Ibáñez, M. I., Ortet, G., Moro, M., Ávila, C., & Parcet, M. A. (1999). Versión reducida del cuestionario revisado de personalidad de Eysenck (EPQ-RA) [Reduced version of revised Eysenck Personality Questonnaire (EPQ-RA)]. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 25, 849-863
Karanci, A.N., Dirik, G., & Yorulmaz, O. (2007). Reliability and validity studies of Turkish translation of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised Abbreviated. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 18, 254-61.
Kneževic, G., Lazarević, Purić, D., Bosnjak, M., Teovanovic, P., Petrović, B., Opačic, G. (2019). Does Eysenck’s personality model capture psychosis-proneness? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 143, 155-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.02.009
Lajunen, T. (2018). Sex-free and sex-related components of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) neuroticism scale among Finnish and Turkish students. Social Sciences 7(3), 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci7030038
Lewis, C. A., Francis, L., J., Shevlin, M., & Forrest, S. (2002). Confirmatory factor analysis of the French translation of the abbreviated form of the revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQR-A). European Journal of Psychological Assessment 18(2), 179-185. https://doi.org/10.1027//1015-5759.18.2.179
Maragakis, A. (2020). Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised. In B. J. Caducci and C. S. Nave (Eds.) The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences: Measurement and Assessment, vol. II. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118970843.ch119
McLarnon, M. J., & Romero, E. F. (2020). Cross-cultural equivalence of shortened versions of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire: An application of the alignment method. Personality and Individual Differences, 163, 110074.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110074
Merino, C. (2013). Análisis factorial de grupo múltiple de una versión muy breve del cuestionario revisado de personalidad de Eysenck (EPQR-BV). International Journal of Psychological Research, 6(2), 79-88.
Muñiz, J., García-Cueto, E., & Lozano, L. M. (2005). Item forma and the psychometric properties of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 61-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.03.021
Navrátil, M., McGuckin, C., Lewis, C. A., Shevlin, M., & Francis, L. J. (2003). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Czech translation of Abbreviated Form of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQR-A) among Czech students. Ceskoslovenska Psychologie, 47, 451-459.
Picconi, L., Jackson, C. J., Balsamo, M., Tommasi, M., & Saggino, A. (2018). Factor structure and measurement invariance across groups of the Italian Eysenck personality questionnaire - short form (EPP-S). Personality and Individual Differences, 123, 76-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.11.013.
Rutkowski, L., & Svetina, D. (2017). Measurement invariance in international surveys: Categorical indicators & fit measure performance. Applied Measurement in Education, 30(1), 39-51. https://doi.org/10.1080/08957347.2016.1243540
Sandín, B., Valiente, R.M., Chorot, R, Olmedo, M., & Santed, M.A. (2002a). Versión española del EPQR-A (I): Análisis exploratorio de la estructura factorial. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 7, 195-205.
Sandín, B., Valiente, R.M., Chorot, R, Olmedo, M., & Santed, M.A. (2002b). Versión española del cuestionario EPQR-abreviado (EPQR-A) (II): replicación factorial, fiabilidad y validez- Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 7, 207-216.
Sato, T. (2005). The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Brief Version: Factor structure and reliability. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 139(6), 545-552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/JRLP.139.6.545-552
Shevlin, M., Bailey, F., & Adamson, G. (2002). Examining the factor structure and sources of differential functioning of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised – Abbreviated. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 479-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00049-6
Svetina, D., Rutkowski, L., & Rutkowski, D. (2019). Multiple-group invariance with categorical outcomes using updated guidelines: An illustration using Mplus and the lavaan/semTools Packages. Structural Equation Modeling: Multidisciplinary Journal, 0, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2019.1602776
Tiwari, T., Singh, A. L., & Singh, I. L. (2009). The short-form revised Eysenck personality questionnaire: A Hindi edition (EPQRS-H). Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 18(1), 27 – 31. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-6748.57854
van Hemert, D. A., van de Vijver, F. J. R., Poortinga, Y. H., & Georgas, J. (2002). Structural and functional equivalence of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire within and between countries. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 1229-1249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00007-7
Vázquez F. L., Otero, P., López, L., Blanco, V., Ferraces, M. J., & Torres, Á. (2019). Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised-Abbreviated for informal caregivers. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud, 10(2), 90 – 106. https://doi.org/10.23923/j.rips.2019.02.028
Viladrich, C., Angulo-Brunet, A., & Doval, E. (2017). A journey around alpha and omega to estimate internal consistency reliability. Annals of Psychology, 33(3), 755-782. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.33.3.268401
Villarejo, A., & Puertas-Martín, V. (2011). Utilidad de los test breves en el cribado de la demencia. Neurología, 26, 425-433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrl.2010.12.002
Alexopoulos, D. S., & Kalaitzidis, I. (2004). Psychometric properties of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised (EPQ-R) Short scale in Greece. Personality and Individual Differences, 37, 1205 – 1220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2003.12.005
Almiro, P. A., & Ferreira, I. S. (2020). Estudo de validação da versão portuguesa do Questionário de Personalidade de Eysenck – Forma Revisada (EPQ-R) em contexto industrial. Revista E-Psi, 9(3), 116-132.
Almiro, P. A., Moura, O. & Simões, M. R. (2016). Psychometric properties of the European Portuguese version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire – Revised (EPQ-R). Personality and Individual Differences, 88, 88-93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.08.050
Bouvard, M., Aulard-Jaccod, J., Pessonneaux, S., Hautekeetec, M., & Rogé, B. (2010). Étude du questionnaire de personnalité d’Eysenck réviséet abrégé (EPQR-A) dans une population d’étudiants. L’Encéphale, 36, 510-512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2010.02.006
Bowden, S. C., Saklofske, D. H., van de Vijver, F. J. R., Sudarshan, N. J., & Eysenck, S. B. G. (2018). Cross-cultural measurement invariance of the Eysenck personality Questionnaire across 33 countries. Personality and Individual Differences, 103, 53 – 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.04.028
Colledani, D., Anselmi, P., & Robusto, E. (2018). Using item response theory for the development of a new short form of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1834. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01834
Colledani, D., Anselmi, P., & Robusto, E. (2019). Development of a new abbreviated form of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised with multidimensional item response theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 149, 108 – 117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.05.044
Cruise, S. M., Lewis, C. A., & Guckin, C. M. (2007). Revisiting Eysenck’s personality dimensions and gender orientation. The Irish Journal of Psychology, 28(3), 159-168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03033910.2007.10446258
Dong, Y., & Dumas, D. (2020). Are personality measures valid for different populations? A systematic review of measurement invariance across cultures, gender, and age. Personality and Individual Differences, 160, 109956. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.109956
Dueber, D. M. (2017). Bifactor Indices Calculator: A Microsoft Excel-based tool to calculate various indices relevant to bifactor CFA models. https://dx.doi.org/10.13023/edp.tool.01 [Available at http://sites.education.uky.edu/apslab/resources/]
Elosua, P., & Zumbo, B. D. (2008). Reliability coefficients for categorical response scales. Psicothema, 20, 896-901.
Eysenck, H. J., (1952). The scientific study of personality. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Eysenck, H. J. (1958). A short questionnaire for the measurement of two dimensions of personality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 42, 14-17.
Eysenck, H. J. (1959). Manual of the Maudsley Personality lnventory. London: University of London Press.
Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, S. B. G. (1964). Manual of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. London: University of London Press
Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, S. B. G. (1975). Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (adult and junior). London: Hodder & Stoughton.
Eysenck, H.J., & Eysenck, S.B.G. (1991). Eysenck Personality Scales (EPS Adult). London: Hodder & Stoughton
Eysenck, S. B. G., Eysenck, H. J., & Barrett, P. (1985). A revised version of the psychoticism scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 6, 21-29.
Eysenck, S., & Barrett, P. (2013). Re-introduction to cross-cultural studies of the EPQ. Personality and Individual Differences, 54, 485-489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2012.09.022
Francis, L.J., Lewis, C.A., & Ziebertz, H.G. (2006). The Short-Form Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQR-S): A German edition. Social Behavior and Personality. An International Journal 34, 197-204. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2006.34.2.197
Francis, L.J., Brown, L.B., & Philipchalk, R. (1992). The development of an abbreviated form of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQR-A): Its use among students in England, Canada, the USA and Australia. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 443-449. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(92)90073-X
Forrest, S., Lewis, C. A., & Shevlin, M. (2000). Examining the factor structure and differential functioning of the Eysenck personality questionnaire revised-abbreviated. Personality and Individual Differences, 29, 579-588. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00220-2
Gadermann, A. M., Guhn, M., & Zumbo, B. D. (2012). Estimating ordinal reliability for Likert-type and ordinal data: A conceptual, empirical, and practical guide. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 17(3), Available online: http://pareonline.net/getvn.asp?v=17&n=3
García-González, J. M., Fernández-Muñoz, J. J., Vergara-Moragues, E., & García-Moreno, L. M. (2021). Eysenck personality questionnaire revised-abbreviated: Invariance gender in Spanish university students. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 19(1), 205-222.
Gosling, S.D., Rentfrow, P.G., & Swann, W.B. Jr. (2003). A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains. Journal of Research in Personality 37, 504–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00046-1
Hu, L., Bentler, P.M., 1999. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: Multidisciplinary Journal, 6, 1–55.
Ibáñez, M. I., Ortet, G., Moro, M., Ávila, C., & Parcet, M. A. (1999). Versión reducida del cuestionario revisado de personalidad de Eysenck (EPQ-RA) [Reduced version of revised Eysenck Personality Questonnaire (EPQ-RA)]. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 25, 849-863
Karanci, A.N., Dirik, G., & Yorulmaz, O. (2007). Reliability and validity studies of Turkish translation of Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised Abbreviated. Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 18, 254-61.
Kneževic, G., Lazarević, Purić, D., Bosnjak, M., Teovanovic, P., Petrović, B., Opačic, G. (2019). Does Eysenck’s personality model capture psychosis-proneness? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 143, 155-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2019.02.009
Lajunen, T. (2018). Sex-free and sex-related components of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) neuroticism scale among Finnish and Turkish students. Social Sciences 7(3), 38. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci7030038
Lewis, C. A., Francis, L., J., Shevlin, M., & Forrest, S. (2002). Confirmatory factor analysis of the French translation of the abbreviated form of the revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQR-A). European Journal of Psychological Assessment 18(2), 179-185. https://doi.org/10.1027//1015-5759.18.2.179
Maragakis, A. (2020). Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised. In B. J. Caducci and C. S. Nave (Eds.) The Wiley Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences: Measurement and Assessment, vol. II. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118970843.ch119
McLarnon, M. J., & Romero, E. F. (2020). Cross-cultural equivalence of shortened versions of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire: An application of the alignment method. Personality and Individual Differences, 163, 110074.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110074
Merino, C. (2013). Análisis factorial de grupo múltiple de una versión muy breve del cuestionario revisado de personalidad de Eysenck (EPQR-BV). International Journal of Psychological Research, 6(2), 79-88.
Muñiz, J., García-Cueto, E., & Lozano, L. M. (2005). Item forma and the psychometric properties of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 61-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.03.021
Navrátil, M., McGuckin, C., Lewis, C. A., Shevlin, M., & Francis, L. J. (2003). Confirmatory factor analysis of the Czech translation of Abbreviated Form of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQR-A) among Czech students. Ceskoslovenska Psychologie, 47, 451-459.
Picconi, L., Jackson, C. J., Balsamo, M., Tommasi, M., & Saggino, A. (2018). Factor structure and measurement invariance across groups of the Italian Eysenck personality questionnaire - short form (EPP-S). Personality and Individual Differences, 123, 76-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.11.013.
Rutkowski, L., & Svetina, D. (2017). Measurement invariance in international surveys: Categorical indicators & fit measure performance. Applied Measurement in Education, 30(1), 39-51. https://doi.org/10.1080/08957347.2016.1243540
Sandín, B., Valiente, R.M., Chorot, R, Olmedo, M., & Santed, M.A. (2002a). Versión española del EPQR-A (I): Análisis exploratorio de la estructura factorial. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 7, 195-205.
Sandín, B., Valiente, R.M., Chorot, R, Olmedo, M., & Santed, M.A. (2002b). Versión española del cuestionario EPQR-abreviado (EPQR-A) (II): replicación factorial, fiabilidad y validez- Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 7, 207-216.
Sato, T. (2005). The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Brief Version: Factor structure and reliability. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 139(6), 545-552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/JRLP.139.6.545-552
Shevlin, M., Bailey, F., & Adamson, G. (2002). Examining the factor structure and sources of differential functioning of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised – Abbreviated. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 479-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00049-6
Svetina, D., Rutkowski, L., & Rutkowski, D. (2019). Multiple-group invariance with categorical outcomes using updated guidelines: An illustration using Mplus and the lavaan/semTools Packages. Structural Equation Modeling: Multidisciplinary Journal, 0, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2019.1602776
Tiwari, T., Singh, A. L., & Singh, I. L. (2009). The short-form revised Eysenck personality questionnaire: A Hindi edition (EPQRS-H). Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 18(1), 27 – 31. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-6748.57854
van Hemert, D. A., van de Vijver, F. J. R., Poortinga, Y. H., & Georgas, J. (2002). Structural and functional equivalence of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire within and between countries. Personality and Individual Differences, 33, 1229-1249. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00007-7
Vázquez F. L., Otero, P., López, L., Blanco, V., Ferraces, M. J., & Torres, Á. (2019). Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised-Abbreviated for informal caregivers. Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud, 10(2), 90 – 106. https://doi.org/10.23923/j.rips.2019.02.028
Viladrich, C., Angulo-Brunet, A., & Doval, E. (2017). A journey around alpha and omega to estimate internal consistency reliability. Annals of Psychology, 33(3), 755-782. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.33.3.268401
Villarejo, A., & Puertas-Martín, V. (2011). Utilidad de los test breves en el cribado de la demencia. Neurología, 26, 425-433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nrl.2010.12.002
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