Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Doble Estándar Sexual (DSS) en universitarios chilenos: sexo, actitudes de género y religiosidad
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Camila Díaz-Gutiérrez
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Beatriz Pérez
Concha-Salgado, A.
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Díaz-Gutiérrez, C., Pérez, B., & Concha-Salgado, A. (2022). Propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Doble Estándar Sexual (DSS) en universitarios chilenos: sexo, actitudes de género y religiosidad. International Journal of Psychological Research, 15(2), 10–21. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.5435
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The editorial board reserves the right of amendments deemed necessary in the application of the rules of publication.
To give up copyright, the authors allow that, International Journal of Psychological Research, distribute the work more broadly, check for the reuse by others and take care of the necessary procedures for the registration and administration of copyright; at the same time, our editorial board represents the interests of the author and allows authors to re-use his work in various forms. In response to the above, authors transfer copyright to the journal, International Journal of Psychological Research. This transfer does not imply other rights which are not those of authorship (for example those that concern about patents). Likewise, preserves the authors rights to use the work integral or partially in lectures, books and courses, as well as make copies for educational purposes. Finally, the authors may use freely the tables and figures in its future work, wherever make explicit reference to the previous publication in International Journal of Psychological Research. The assignment of copyright includes both virtual rights and forms of the article to allow the editorial to disseminate the work in the manner which it deems appropriate.
The editorial board reserves the right of amendments deemed necessary in the application of the rules of publication.
Resumen
Ante la ausencia de instrumentos en Chile para medir el fenómeno del Doble Estándar Sexual (SDS), el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Doble Estándar Sexual (DSS). La muestra se compuso de 1.036 personas universitarias del centro y sur de Chile. El 61,1% (n = 633) fueron mujeres, la edad promedio fue de 20,4 años y un 31,7% (n = 259) se identificó como ateo o agnóstico. Mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio, la DSS obtuvo una estructura unidimensional en la muestra de estudio, un α Ordinal = 0,918, y evidencias de validez convergente y discriminante: a mayor puntuación en SDS, mayores actitudes estereotipadas sobre el género y menores actitudes trascendentes. Los participantes religiosos obtuvieron puntuaciones medias más altas en la DSS y los hombres obtuvieron puntajes de SDS significativamente mayores que los de las mujeres. Además, tanto en el caso de los hombres como en el de las mujeres, el grupo de participantes con actitudes estereotipadas extremas obtuvo puntuaciones significativamente más elevadas en DSS que el grupo participante con actitudes trascendentes extremas. Con base en la evidencia que asocia el SDS con el funcionamiento y satisfacción sexual, prácticas sexuales de riesgo, la agresión y victimización sexual, y la violencia en relaciones de pareja, la DSS se distingue como un aporte para el desarrollo de programas educativos sexoafectivos y la identificación de individuos y grupos de riesgo.
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Referencias
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Armstrong, J., Thorpe, S., & Williams, D. (2021). Sexual Attitudes, Religious Commitment, and Sexual Risk Behaviours among College-Aged Women: A Feminist Theory Approach. Journal of Gender Studies, 30 (8), 875–886. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2020.1838888
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Benavente, M. C., & Vergara, C. (2006). Sexualidad en hombres y mujeres. Diversidad de miradas. FLACSO.
Caron, S. L., Davis, C. M., Halteman, W. A., & Stickle, M. (1993). Predictors of Condom-Related Behaviors Among First-Year College Students. The Journal of Sex Research, 30 (3), 252–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499309551709
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd). Lawrence Erlbaum.
Crawford, M., & Popp, D. (2003). Sexual Double Standards: A Review and Methodological Critique of Two Decades of Research. Journal of Sex Research, 40 (1), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490309552163
Eagly, A., & Wood, W. (1999). The Origins of Sex Differences in Human Behavior: Evolved Dispositions Versus Social Roles. American Psychologist, 54 (6), 408–423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.54.6.408
Elgueta-Rosas, R., Santoni, A., & Fediakova, E. (2019). La persistencia de la fe: Cambios y vigencia del clivaje político-religioso en Chile (1938-2017). Estudos Ibero-Americanos, 45 (2), 149–162. https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-864X.2019.2.31335
Elosua, P., & Zumbo, B. D. (2008). Coeficientes de fiabilidad para escalas de respuesta categórica ordenada. Psicothema, 20 (4), 896–901.
Endendijk, J. J., Baar, A. L., & Dekovi, M. (2020). He is a stud, she is a slut! A meta-analysis on the continued existence of sexual double standards. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 24 (2), 163–190. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868319891310
Fasula, A. M., Carry, M., & Miller, K. S. (2014). A Multidimensional Framework for the Meanings of the Sexual Double Standard and its Application for the Sexual Health of Young Black Women in the U.S. The Journal of Sex Research, 51 (2), 170–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2012.716874
Fugère, M. A., Escoto, C., Cousins, A. J., Riggs, M. L., & Haerich, P. (2008). Sexual attitudes and double standards: A literature review focusing on participant gender and ethnic background. Sexuality and Culture, 12 (3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-008-9029-7
García-Cueto, E., Rodríguez-Díaz, F. J., Bringas-Molleda, C., López-Cepero, J., Paíno-Quesada, S., & Rodríguez-Franco, L. (2015). Development of the gender role attitudes scale (GRAS) amongst young Spanish people. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 15 (1), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2014.10.004
Gómez-Berrocal, M., Vallejo-Medina, P., Moyano, N., & Sierra, J. (2019). Sexual Double Standard: A Psychometric Study From a Macropsychological Perspective Among the Spanish Heterosexual Population. Frontiers in Psychology, 10 (1869), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01869
Greene, K., & Faulkner, S. L. (2005). Gender, Belief in the Sexual Double Standard, and Sexual Talk in Heterosexual Dating Relationships 1. Sex Roles, 53, 239–251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199005-5682-6
Growth from Knowledge. (2019). Microestudio sexualidad 2019. Growth from Knowledge. https://www.docdroid.net/L8gQonK/gfk-microestudiochile3d-sexualidad-2019-pdf
Guo, Y. (2019). Sexual Double Standards in White and Asian Americans: Ethnicity, Gender, and Acculturation. Sexuality and Culture, 23 (1), 57–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-018-9543-1
Haavio-Mannila, E., & Kontula, O. (2003). Single and double sexual standards in Finland, Estonia, and St. Petersburg. Journal of Sex Research, 40 (1), 36–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490309552165
Hood, R. W., Hill, P. C., & Spilka, B. (2018). The Psychology of Religion: An Empirical Approach (5th). The Guilford Press.
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6 (1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Instituto Nacional de la Juventud. (2019). 9◦ Encuesta Nacional de la Juventud 2018. Departamento de planificación y estudios. http://www.injuv.gob.cl/storage/docs/9
Kim, Y., Lee, E., & Lee, H. (2019). Sexual Double Standard, Dating Violence Recognition, and Sexual Assertiveness among University Students in South Korea. Asian Nursing Research, 13 (1), 47–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2019.01.003
Arcos, D., & Dewitte, M. (2021). Individual, Relational, and Sociocultural Determinants of Sexual Function and Sexual Satisfaction in Ecuador. Sexual Medicine, 9 (2), 100307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esxm.2020.100307
Armstrong, J., Thorpe, S., & Williams, D. (2021). Sexual Attitudes, Religious Commitment, and Sexual Risk Behaviours among College-Aged Women: A Feminist Theory Approach. Journal of Gender Studies, 30 (8), 875–886. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2020.1838888
Ato, M., López, J. J., & Benavente, A. (2013). A classification system for research designs in psychology. Anales de Psicología, 29 (3), 1038–1059. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.3.178511
Benavente, M. C., & Vergara, C. (2006). Sexualidad en hombres y mujeres. Diversidad de miradas. FLACSO.
Caron, S. L., Davis, C. M., Halteman, W. A., & Stickle, M. (1993). Predictors of Condom-Related Behaviors Among First-Year College Students. The Journal of Sex Research, 30 (3), 252–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499309551709
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd). Lawrence Erlbaum.
Crawford, M., & Popp, D. (2003). Sexual Double Standards: A Review and Methodological Critique of Two Decades of Research. Journal of Sex Research, 40 (1), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490309552163
Eagly, A., & Wood, W. (1999). The Origins of Sex Differences in Human Behavior: Evolved Dispositions Versus Social Roles. American Psychologist, 54 (6), 408–423. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.54.6.408
Elgueta-Rosas, R., Santoni, A., & Fediakova, E. (2019). La persistencia de la fe: Cambios y vigencia del clivaje político-religioso en Chile (1938-2017). Estudos Ibero-Americanos, 45 (2), 149–162. https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-864X.2019.2.31335
Elosua, P., & Zumbo, B. D. (2008). Coeficientes de fiabilidad para escalas de respuesta categórica ordenada. Psicothema, 20 (4), 896–901.
Endendijk, J. J., Baar, A. L., & Dekovi, M. (2020). He is a stud, she is a slut! A meta-analysis on the continued existence of sexual double standards. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 24 (2), 163–190. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868319891310
Fasula, A. M., Carry, M., & Miller, K. S. (2014). A Multidimensional Framework for the Meanings of the Sexual Double Standard and its Application for the Sexual Health of Young Black Women in the U.S. The Journal of Sex Research, 51 (2), 170–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2012.716874
Fugère, M. A., Escoto, C., Cousins, A. J., Riggs, M. L., & Haerich, P. (2008). Sexual attitudes and double standards: A literature review focusing on participant gender and ethnic background. Sexuality and Culture, 12 (3), 169–182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-008-9029-7
García-Cueto, E., Rodríguez-Díaz, F. J., Bringas-Molleda, C., López-Cepero, J., Paíno-Quesada, S., & Rodríguez-Franco, L. (2015). Development of the gender role attitudes scale (GRAS) amongst young Spanish people. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 15 (1), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2014.10.004
Gómez-Berrocal, M., Vallejo-Medina, P., Moyano, N., & Sierra, J. (2019). Sexual Double Standard: A Psychometric Study From a Macropsychological Perspective Among the Spanish Heterosexual Population. Frontiers in Psychology, 10 (1869), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01869
Greene, K., & Faulkner, S. L. (2005). Gender, Belief in the Sexual Double Standard, and Sexual Talk in Heterosexual Dating Relationships 1. Sex Roles, 53, 239–251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199005-5682-6
Growth from Knowledge. (2019). Microestudio sexualidad 2019. Growth from Knowledge. https://www.docdroid.net/L8gQonK/gfk-microestudiochile3d-sexualidad-2019-pdf
Guo, Y. (2019). Sexual Double Standards in White and Asian Americans: Ethnicity, Gender, and Acculturation. Sexuality and Culture, 23 (1), 57–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-018-9543-1
Haavio-Mannila, E., & Kontula, O. (2003). Single and double sexual standards in Finland, Estonia, and St. Petersburg. Journal of Sex Research, 40 (1), 36–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224490309552165
Hood, R. W., Hill, P. C., & Spilka, B. (2018). The Psychology of Religion: An Empirical Approach (5th). The Guilford Press.
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6 (1), 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118
Instituto Nacional de la Juventud. (2019). 9◦ Encuesta Nacional de la Juventud 2018. Departamento de planificación y estudios. http://www.injuv.gob.cl/storage/docs/9
Kim, Y., Lee, E., & Lee, H. (2019). Sexual Double Standard, Dating Violence Recognition, and Sexual Assertiveness among University Students in South Korea. Asian Nursing Research, 13 (1), 47–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2019.01.003
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