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Resumen
Introducción: La adaptación al dolor crónico no oncológico se asocia al desarrollo de psicopatología y afectaciones de la personalidad, generando severidad, cronicidad, menor respuesta al tratamiento y agravándose ante la neuropatía. Objetivo: Identificar perfiles psicopatológicos y de personalidad en pacientes con dolor crónico nociceptivo y neuropático, y su relación con la evolución e intensidad del dolor. Método: Estudio transversal, descriptivo y comparativo, realizado en la Unidad de Tratamiento del Dolor del Hospital Universitari Sagrat Cor, con reclutamiento aleatorio sistemático durante 25 meses; 115 pacientes fueron evaluados mediante la Escala de Hamilton para la Depresión y Ansiedad (HAM-D, HAM-A) y el Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon III (MCMI-III). Resultados: El grupo neuropático obtuvo puntuaciones significativamente mayores en intensidad del dolor, sintomatología depresiva y ansiosa. Con más magnitud y frecuencia, relacionó la intensidad y evolución del dolor con sintomatología depresiva, ansiosa, síndromes clínicos y patrones de la personalidad. Ambos grupos revelaron tendencia al patrón de personalidad compulsiva, seguido del narcisista, histriónico y esquizoide. Conclusiones: En el tratamiento del dolor crónico, la presencia de distintos indicadores psicopatológicos requiere una estrategia individualizada.
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