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Guarderas Albuja, P. ., Larrea, M. de L., Moreta-Herrera, R. ., Reyes-Valenzuela, C. ., Vaca, D., & Acosta, D. (2023). Psychometric Properties of the Acoso Sexual en las Instituciones de Educación Superior Scale (ASIES) in an Ecuadorian Sample. International Journal of Psychological Research, 16(1), 16–28. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.5970
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The editorial board reserves the right of amendments deemed necessary in the application of the rules of publication.
To give up copyright, the authors allow that, International Journal of Psychological Research, distribute the work more broadly, check for the reuse by others and take care of the necessary procedures for the registration and administration of copyright; at the same time, our editorial board represents the interests of the author and allows authors to re-use his work in various forms. In response to the above, authors transfer copyright to the journal, International Journal of Psychological Research. This transfer does not imply other rights which are not those of authorship (for example those that concern about patents). Likewise, preserves the authors rights to use the work integral or partially in lectures, books and courses, as well as make copies for educational purposes. Finally, the authors may use freely the tables and figures in its future work, wherever make explicit reference to the previous publication in International Journal of Psychological Research. The assignment of copyright includes both virtual rights and forms of the article to allow the editorial to disseminate the work in the manner which it deems appropriate.
The editorial board reserves the right of amendments deemed necessary in the application of the rules of publication.
Abstract
Sexual harassment has become increasingly common in Ecuador’s higher education centers. However, due to the lack of instruments that evaluate sexual harassment, the magnitude of this phenomenon in Ecuador is unknown. This research aims to analyze the construct validity and internal consistency reliability of a sexual harassment measurement scale in higher education institutions (ASIES). The instrument analyzes 21 behaviors related to sexual harassment. The sample consisted of 4628 people. A descriptive analysis of the items, item-total correlation analysis, and both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis are performed to test the internal structure of the scale. It was found that the 4-factor model and a second-order factor presented a better fit (CFI = .99, TLI = .99, SRMR = .075, and RMSEA =.018). The results confirm the four dimensions proposed.
References
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Lance, C. E., Teachout, M. S., & Donnelly, T. M. (1992). Specification of the criterion construct space: An application of hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of applied psychology, 77 (4), 437. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021- 9010.77.4.
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Bondestam, F., & Lundqvist, M. (2020). Sexual harassment in higher educationa systematic review. European Journal of Higher Education, 10 (4), 397–419. https: / / doi. org / 10. 1080 / 21568235. 2020.1729833
Bosch, E., Ferrer, V., Navarro, C., Ferreiro, V., Ramis, M., Escarrer, C., & Blahopoulo, I. (2012). El acoso sexual en el ámbito universitario: Elementos para mejorar la implementación de medidas de prevención, detección e intervención. Ministerio de Sanidad Servicios Sociales e Igualdad
Brown, T. A. (2015). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research (Vol. 2nd). Guilford Publications
Bursik, K., & Gefter, J. (2011). Still stable after all these years: Perceptions of sexual harassment in academic contexts. The Journal of Social Psychology, 151 (3), 331–349. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224541003628081
Byrne, B. (2008). Testing for multigroup equivalence of a measuring instrument: A walk through the
process. Psicothema, 20 (4), 872–882
Caycho-Rodríguez, T., Valencia, P. D., Vilca, L. W.,Cervigni, M., Gallegos, M., Martino, P., & Burgos Videla, C. (2021). Cross-cultural measurement invariance of the fear of COVID-19 scale in seven Latin American countries. Death Studies, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2021.1879318
Costello, A. B., & Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical assessment, research, and evaluation,10 (7), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.7275/jyj1-4868
Domínguez-Lara, S. (2018). Propuesta de puntos de corte para cargas factoriales: Una perspectiva de fiabilidad de constructo. Enfermería Clínica, 28 (6), 401–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcli.2018.06.002
Domínguez-Lara, S., Gravini-Donado, M., Moreta-Herrera, R., Quistgaard-Alvarez, A., Barboza-Zelada, L. A., & Taboada, L. (2022). Propiedades psicométricas del Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire-Educación Remota en estudiantes
universitarios de primer año durantela pandemia. Campus Virtuales, 11 (1), 81–93. https://doi.org/10.54988/cv.2022.1.965
Fabrigar, L. R., & Wegener, D. T. (2011). Exploratory factor analysis. Oxford University Press.
Fedina, L., Holmes, J. L., & Backes, B. L. (2018). Campus sexual assault: A systematic review of prevalence research from 2000 to 2015. Trauma, violence, & abuse, 19 (1), 76–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838016631129
Ferrando, P. J., & Anguiano-Carrasco, C. (2010). El análisis factorial como técnica de investigación en psicología. Papeles del Psicólogo, 31 (1), 18–33.
Ferrer-Pérez, V. A., & Bosch-Fiol, E. (2014). The perception of sexual harassment at university. Revista de Psicología Social, 29 (3), 462–501. https://doi.org/10.1080/02134748.2014.972709
Fitzgerald, L. F., Gelfand, M. J., & Drasgow, F. (1995). Measuring sexual harassment: Theoretical and psychometric advances. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 17 (4), 425–442. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15324834basp1704_2
Freiberg Hoffmann, A., Stover, J. B., Iglesia, G., & Fernández Liporace, M. (2013). Correlaciones policóricas y tetracóricas en estudios factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios. polychoric and tetrachoric correlations in exploratory and confirmatory factorial studies. Ciencias psicológicas, 7 (2),151–164. http://www.scielo.edu.uy/scielo.php?%20pid=S1688-42212013000200005&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en
Frías-Navarro, D., & Pascual Soler, M. (2012). Exploratory factor Analysis (EFA) in consumer behavior and marketing research. Suma Psicológica,19 (1), 47–58. https://doi.org/http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_ arttext&
pid=S0121-43812012000100004
García Cadena, C. H. (2006). La medición en ciencias sociales y en la psicología. In R. Landeros Hernández & M. T. González Ramírez (Eds.), Estadística con spss y metodología de la investigación (pp. 139–166). Trillas
Green, S. B., & Yang, Y. (2015). Evaluation of dimensionality in the assessment of internal consistency reliability: Coefficient alpha and omega coefficients. Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 34 (4), 14–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/emip.12100
Guarderas, P., & Cuvi, J. (2020). ¿Cómo se mide el acoso sexual? Aportes para determinar la prevalencia del acoso sexual en las instituciones de educación superior. Abya Yala
Guarderas, P., Larrea, M. d. L., Cuvi, J., Vega, C., Reyes, C., Bichara, T., Ramírez, G., Paula, C., Pesántez, L., & Íñiguez, A. L. (2018). Acoso sexual en las universidades ecuatorianas: Validez de contenido de un instrumento de medición. Alteridad. Revista de Educación, 13 (2), 214–226.https://doi.org/10.17163/alt.v13n2.2018.05
Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1999). Análisis multivariante (Vol. 491).
Prentice Hall Henning, M. A., Zhou, C., Adams, P., Moir, F., Hobson, J., Hallett, C., & Webster, C. S. (2017). Workplace harassment among staff in higher education: A systematic review. Asia Pacific Education Review, 18 (4), 521–539. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s12564-017-9499-0
Hirigoyen, M. F. (2000). Acoso moral. Paidós
Jonason, P., Zemojtel-Piotrowska, M., Piotrowski, J., Sedikides, C., Campbell, K., Gebauer, J., & Yahiiaev, I. (2020). CountryLevel Correlates of the Dark Triad Traits in 49 Countries. Journal of personality, 88 (6), 1252–1267. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12569
Jöreskog, K. G., Sörbom, D., Toit, S., & Toit, M. (2001). LISREL 8: New Statistical. Features. Scientific
Software International Karami, A., Spinel, M. Y., White, C. N., Ford, K., & Swan, S. (2021). A Systematic Literature Review of Sexual Harassment Studies with Text Mining. Sustainability, 13 (12), 6589. https: / /doi.org/10.3390/su13126589
Lance, C. E., Teachout, M. S., & Donnelly, T. M. (1992). Specification of the criterion construct space: An application of hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis. Journal of applied psychology, 77 (4), 437. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021- 9010.77.4.
437
Larrea, M., Guarderas, P., Cuvi, J., Paula, C., Almeida, M., Palacios, P., Acosta, D., Gutiérrez, M. J., & Yépez, J. (2020). £Cómo se mide el acoso sexual?: Aportes para determinar la prevalencia del acoso sexual en las instituciones de educación superior. Abya-Yala.
Li, C. H. (2016). Confirmatory factor analysis with ordinal data: Comparing robust maximum likelihood and diagonally weighted least squares. Behavior research methods, 48 (3), 936–949. https://doi.org/10.3758/s1342
Mardia, K. (1970). Measures of Multivariate Skewness and Kurtosis with Applications Measures of Multivariate Skewness and Kurtosis with Applications. Biometrika, 57, 519. https://doi.org/10.2307/2334770
McDonald, R. P. (1999). Test theory: A unified treatment. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Moreta-Herrera, R., Dominguez-Lara, S., Vaca-Quintana, D., Zambrano-Estrella, J., Gavilanes-Gómez, D., Ruperti-Lucero, E., & Bonilla, D. (2021). Psychometric properties of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) in Ecuadorian college students. Psihologijske teme, 30 (3), 573–590. https://doi.org/10.31820/pt.30.3.9
Moreta-Herrera, R., Rodas, J., Lara-Salazar, M. (2021).Factor validity of alcohol use disorders identification test (audit) using robust estimations in ecuadorian adolescents. Alcohol & Alcoholism, 56 (4), 482–489. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agaa126
Navarro-Guzmán, C., Ferrer-Pérez, V. A., & Bosch-Fiol, E. (2016). El acoso sexual en el ámbito universitario: Análisis de una escala de medida. Universitas Psychologica, 15 (2), 371–382. https://doi.org/10.11144/Javeriana.upsy.15-2.asau
Nicolson, P., Ussher, J., & Compling, J. (1992). The psychology of women’s health and health care.
MacMillan Press. O’Leary-Kelly, A. M., Bowes-Sperry, L., Bates, C., & Lean, E. R. (2009). Sexual harassment at work:
A decade (plus) of progress. Journal of Management, 35 (3), 503–536. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206308330555
Oyanedel, J. C., Vargas, S., Mella, C., & Páez, D. (2017). Los autores aludidos ofrecieron la siguiente réplica: Cálculo de confiabilidad a través del uso Del coeficiente Omega de McDonald. Revista médica de Chile, 145 (2), 272–273. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872017000200019
Padilla, M. A., & Divers, J. (2013). Coefficient omega bootstrap confidence intervals: Nonnormal distributions. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 73 (6), 956–972. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164413492765
Pérez Guardo, R. (2012). Las limitaciones en la cuantificación del acoso sexual laboral en españa. Athenea Digital. Revista de pensamiento e investigación social, 12 (2), 199–219. https://doi.org/
https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4150984
Pérez Guardo, R., & Rodríguez, C. (2013). Un análisis del concepto de acoso sexual laboral: Reflexiones y orientaciones para la investigación y la intervención social. Cuadernos de relaciones laborales, 31 (1), 195–219. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_CRLA.2013.v31.n1.41647
Preciado, M., & Franco, S. (2013). Hostigamiento sexual laboral en trabajadores de vigilancia de una empresa electrónica. e-Gnosis, 11, 1–17. https://doi.org/http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=73029399002
Ranganathan, M., Wamoyi, J., Pearson, I., & Stoeckl, H. (2021). Measurement and prevalence of sexual harassment in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 11 (6), 047473. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047473
R.Core Team. (2019). R: A language and environment for statistical computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing
Rotundo, M., Nguyen, D. H., & Sackett, P. R. (2001). A meta-analytic review of gender differences in perceptions of sexual harassment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86 (5), 914–922. https : / /doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.86.5.914
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