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Ortega Marín, J., Jiménez Solanilla, K., & Acosta Barreto, R. (2015). Effects of state and trait anxiety on selective attention to threatening stimuli in a non-clinical sample of school children. International Journal of Psychological Research, 8(1), 75–90. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.646
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To give up copyright, the authors allow that, International Journal of Psychological Research, distribute the work more broadly, check for the reuse by others and take care of the necessary procedures for the registration and administration of copyright; at the same time, our editorial board represents the interests of the author and allows authors to re-use his work in various forms. In response to the above, authors transfer copyright to the journal, International Journal of Psychological Research. This transfer does not imply other rights which are not those of authorship (for example those that concern about patents). Likewise, preserves the authors rights to use the work integral or partially in lectures, books and courses, as well as make copies for educational purposes. Finally, the authors may use freely the tables and figures in its future work, wherever make explicit reference to the previous publication in International Journal of Psychological Research. The assignment of copyright includes both virtual rights and forms of the article to allow the editorial to disseminate the work in the manner which it deems appropriate.
The editorial board reserves the right of amendments deemed necessary in the application of the rules of publication.
Abstract
Attentional biases, consisting of a preferential processing of threatening stimuli, have been found in anxious adults as predicted by several cognitive models. However, studies with non-clinical samples of children have provided mixed results. Therefore, the aim of this research was to determine the effects of state and trait anxiety on the selective attention towards threatening stimuli in a non-clinical sample of school children (age: 8 to 13, n = 110) using the dot-probe task. This study did not reveal an effect of trait anxiety on selective attention towards threatening stimuli. However, a significant difference was found between participants with low state anxiety and high state anxiety. Nevertheless, the effect size was small. Specifically, participants with low state anxiety showed a bias towards threatening stimuli. Overall, the findings of this research with a non-clinical sample of school children suggest that attentional biases towards threatening information, which has been repeatedly found in anxious adults, are not necessarily inherent to non-clinical anxiety in children and on the other hand, the relationship between attentional biases and anxiety in this population might be moderated by other cognitive processes.
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R E S E A R C H
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH Effects of state and trait anxiety in School Children
Ortega, Jiménez and Acos ta (2014)
int.j.psychol.res. 8 (1) PP. 75 - 90
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R E S E A R C H
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH Effects of state and trait anxiety in School Children
Ortega, Jiménez and Acos ta (2014)
int.j.psychol.res. 8 (1) PP. 75 - 90
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Cisler, J.M., Bacon, A.K., & Williams, N.L. (2007) Phenomenological characteristics of attentional biases towards threat: a critical review. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 33, 221–234.
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Curley, J.P., Jensen, C.L., Mashoodh, R., & Champagne, F.A. (2011) Social influences on neurobiology and behavior: Epigenetic effects during development. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 36(3), 352-371.
Dalgleish, T., Moradi, A.R., Taghavi, M.R., Neshat-Doost, H.T., & Yule, W. (2001) An experimental investigation of hypervigilance for threat in children and adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychological Medicine, 31, 541-547.
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Dennis, T.A., Chen, C., & McCandliss, B.D. (2008) Threat-related attentional biases: An analysis of three attention systems. Depression and Anxiety, 25, 1-10.
Derryberry, D., & Reed, M.A. (2002) Anxiety-related attentional biases and their regulation by attentional control. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 111(2), 225-236.
Dresler, T., Mériau, K., Heekeren, H., & van der Meer, E. (2009) Emotional Stroop task: effect of word arousal and subject anxiety on emotional interference. Psychological Research, 73, 364-371.
Eldar, S., Apter, A., Lotan, D., Perez-Edgar, K., Naim, R., Fox, N.A., Pine, D.S., & Bar-Haim, Y. (2012) Attention bias modification treatment for pediatric anxiety disorders: A randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 169, 213-220.
Eldar, S., Ricon, T., & Bar-Haim, Y. (2008) Plasticity in attention: implications for stress response in children. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 450-461.
Eschenbeck, H., Kohlmann, C.H., Heim-Dreger, U., Koller, D., & Leser, M. (2004) Processing bias and anxiety in primary school children: a modified emotional Stroop colour-naming task using pictorial facial expressions. Psychology Science, 46, 451-465.
Eysenck, M.W., & Derakshan, N. (2011) New perspectives in attentional control theory, 50, 955-960.
Eysenck, M.W., Derakshan, N., Santos, R., & Calvo, M.G. (2007) Anxiety and cognitive performance: attentional control theory. Emotion, 7, 336–353.
Fox, E. (2002) Processing emotional facial expressions: the role of anxiety and awareness. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 2, 52-63.
Fox, E., Russo, R., Bowles, R., & Dutton, K. (2001) Do threatening stimuli draw or hold visual attention in subclinical anxiety? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 130, 681-700.
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