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Urrego Betancourt, Y., Restrepo, J. G., Pinzon, S., Acosta, J., Diaz, M., & Bonilla, C. (2014). Attachment in pairs and social cognition in middle childhood. International Journal of Psychological Research, 7(2), 51–63. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.658
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The editorial board reserves the right of amendments deemed necessary in the application of the rules of publication.
To give up copyright, the authors allow that, International Journal of Psychological Research, distribute the work more broadly, check for the reuse by others and take care of the necessary procedures for the registration and administration of copyright; at the same time, our editorial board represents the interests of the author and allows authors to re-use his work in various forms. In response to the above, authors transfer copyright to the journal, International Journal of Psychological Research. This transfer does not imply other rights which are not those of authorship (for example those that concern about patents). Likewise, preserves the authors rights to use the work integral or partially in lectures, books and courses, as well as make copies for educational purposes. Finally, the authors may use freely the tables and figures in its future work, wherever make explicit reference to the previous publication in International Journal of Psychological Research. The assignment of copyright includes both virtual rights and forms of the article to allow the editorial to disseminate the work in the manner which it deems appropriate.
The editorial board reserves the right of amendments deemed necessary in the application of the rules of publication.
Abstract
Objective: Determine the relationship between attachment behaviors in pairs and the level of social cognition in children 8 to 10 years old, a public school in Bogotá, Colombia. Attachment in pairs has been studied primarily in adolescence and adulthood; but there are few studies in middle childhood. Type of Study: Quantitative correlational cross-sectional Participants: 60 children from two-parent families with at least 1 brother. Instruments: People In My Life and Facial Stroop and Verbal. Results: According to the statistical analysis no relationship between peer attachment and social cognition were found. However, there is a strong relationship between attachment to parents and peers, and the implementation of facial expression recognition in both adults and children. The use of instruments to involve attachment and in complex facial expression, and the design and implementation of prevention and promotion programs to strengthen the levels of attachment to parents, from very early in childhood is suggested.
References
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Ainsworth, M., Blehar, M., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patrones de apego. Buenos Aires: Erlbaum.
Amodio, D. M., & Frith, C. D. (2006). Meeting of minds: the medial frontal cortex and social cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7, 268–277.
Armsden, G. C., & Greenberg, M. T. (1987). The inventory of parent and peer attachment: individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16, 427-454.
Bechara A, Damasio H, & Damasio A. (2000) Emotion, decision making and the orbitofrontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 10, 295–307.
Bourbeau, L., Diehl, M., Elnick, A. & Labouvie-Vief, G. (1998). Adult attachment styles: Their relations to family context and personality. Journal of personality and social psychology, 74(6) 1656-1669.
Bowlby, J. (1998). El apego y la pérdida. Buenos Aires: Paidós.
Brenilla, M., Carreras, M. & Brizzio, A. (2001). Evaluación de los estilos de apego en adultos. Facultad de Psicología. Universidad de Buenos Aires: Buenos Aires.
Buttman, J. e Allegri, R. F. (2001), A Cognição Social e o Córtex Cerebral, Psicologia. Reflexão e Crítica, 14(2), 275-279.
Carpendale, J., & Lewis, C. (2004). Constructing an understanding of the mind: The development of children’s social understanding within social interaction. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 27, 79-151.
Camargo, S., Mejía, G., Herrera, A., & Carrillo, S. (2007). Adaptación del cuestionario “personas en mi vida” en niños y niñas bogotanos entre 9 y 12 años de edad. Acta colombiana de psicología, 10(2), 83-93.
Castañeda, M., Ostrosky-Solis, F., García-Reyna, J. C.,García-Marín, J. A., Gutierrez, L. M., Medina, V., et al. (2003). Mild cognitive impairment: A SPECT and neuropsychology study. Salud Mental, 26, 30–39.
Castellanos, L., Delgado, C., Fortoul, P., y Rozo, M. (2009). Apego parental, vínculo con pares, y su relación con el género y el estrato. Trabajo de Grado Universidad de la Sabana. Bogotá. Recuperado de http://intellectum.unisabana.edu.co:8080/jspui/bitstream/10818/4893/1/130193.pdf
Contreras, J., Kerns, K., Weimer, B., Gentzler, A., & Tomich, P. (2000). Emotion regulation as a mediator of associations between mother-child attachment and peer relationships in middle childhood. Journal of Family Psychology, 14, 111–124.
Fonagy, P. & Luyten, P. (2009). A developmental, mentalization-based approach to the understanding and treatment of borderline personality disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 1355–1381.
Fonagy, P., Luyten, P., & Strathearn, L. (2011). Borderline personality disorder, mentalization, and the neurobiology of attachment. Infant Mental Health Journal 32, 47–69.
Freeman, H., & Brown, B. (2001). Primary attachment to parents and peers during adolescence: differences by attachment style. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 653-674.
González, L., y Méndez, L. (2006). Relación entre autoestima, depresión y apego en adolescentes urbanos de la comuna de concepcion, Chile. Terapia psicológica, 24, 5-14.
Grande-García, I. (2009). Neurociencia social: El maridaje entre la psicología social y las neurociencias cognitivas. Revisión e introducción una nueva disciplina. Anales de psicología, 25(1), 1-20.
Greenberg, M., Kusche. C., Cook, T., & Quamma, J. (1995). Promoting emotional competence in school-aged children: the effects of the PATHS curriculum. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 117 – 136.
Greenberg, M., Siegal, J., & Leitch, C. (1984). The nature and importance of attachment relationships to parents and peers during adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 12(5): 373-386.
Haglund, M., Nestadt, P., Cooper, S., Southwick, M., & Charney, S. (2007). Psychobiological mechanisms of resilience: Relevance to prevention and treatment of stress-related psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 19(3), 889-920.
Iacoboni M. (2009). Imitation, empathy, and mirror neurons. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 653–670.
Immele, A. (2000). The role of adolescents’ representations of attachment and peer relationships in the prediction of delinquency. United States: University of Virginia.
Kerns, K., Aspelmeier, J., & Gentzler, A. (2001). Chandra MG. Parent-child attachment and monitoring in middle childhood. Journal of Family Psychology, 15, 69–81.
Kerns, K., Klepac, L., & Cole, A. (1996). Peer relationships and preadolescents’ perceptions of security in the child-mother relationship. Developmental Psychology, 32, 457–466.
Klinkert, M (2008). Consecuencias Neurológicas de Trauma Temprano. Seminario Doctorado de Psicología con Enfasis en Neurociencias Cognitiva Aplicada. Universidad de Maimonides.
Koizumi, A., Ikeda, K., Tanaka, A., & Takano, Y. (2007). Stroop Task with Facial Expressions and Emotional Words. Universidad de Tokio. Recuperado de http://www.cogsci. rpi.edu/CSJarchive/Proceedings/2007/docs/p1792.pdf
Lynch, M., & Cicchetti, D. (1997). Children's relationships with adults and peers: An examination of elementary and junior high school students. Journal of School Psychology, 35, 81-99.
López, F., Meléndez, M., Sauer, E., Berger, E. & Wyssmann, J. (1998). Internal Working Models, Self-Reported Problems and Help Seeking Attitudes among College Students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45, 79-83.
Main, M. (2000). The organized categories of infant, child, and adult attachment: Flexible vs. inflexible attention under attachment-related stress. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 48(4), 1055- 1127.
Mías, C. D., Sassi, M., Masih, M. E., Querejeta, A. & Krawchik, R. (2007). Deterioro cognitivo leve: estudio de prevalencia y factores sociodemográficos en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina. Revista de Neurología, 44(12), 733-738.
Mikulincer M., & Shaver P. R. (2007). Attachment in Adulthood: Structure, Dynamics and Change. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Moriguchi Y., Ohnishi T., Lane R. D., Maeda M., Mori T…, & Nemoto K. (2006). Impaired self-awareness and theory of mind: an fMRI study of mentalizing in alexithymia. Neuroimage, 32, 1472–1482.
Mundaca, M., Gallardo, I. y Díaz, P. (2000). Factores que influyen en el apego y la adaptación de los niños adoptados. Revista de Psicología, 9 (1), 1 – 16.
Murray, C., & Greenberg, M. (2006). Examining the importance of social relationships and social contexts in the lives of children with high-incidence disabilities. The Journal of Special Education, 39, 220-233.
Nolte, T., Bolling, D., Hudac, C., Fonagy, P., Mayers, L. & Pelphrey, A (2013). Brain mechanisms underlying the impact of attachment-related stress on social cognition. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7. 816 – 842.
Oliva, A. (2011). Apego en la Adolescencia. Acción Psicológica, 8 (2), 55-65.
Páez, D., & Ayestaran, S. (1998). Los desarrollos de la psicología social en España. Madrid: Fundación infancia y adolescencia.
Pelphrey K. A., Mitchell T. V., McKeown M. J., Goldstein J., Allison T., & McCarthy G. (2003). Brain activity evoked by the perception of human walking: Controlling for meaningful coherent motion. The Journal of Neuroscience, 23, 6819–6825.
Premack, D. & Woodruff, G. (1978) Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? Behavioral and brain sciences, 1, 515-526.
Pardo, M., Pineda, S., Carrillo, S., y Castro, J. (2006). Análisis psicométrico del inventario de apego con padres y pares en una muestra de adolescentes colombianos. Revista Interamericana de Psicología, 40(3), 289-302.
Repacholi B., & Slaughter V. (2003). Individual Differences in Theory of Mind: Implications for Typical and Atypical Development. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
Rice, P. (1997). Desarrollo Humano. Madrid: Prentice Hall.
Ridenour, T., Greenberg, M., & Cook, E. (2006). Structure and validity of people in my life: A self-report measure. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(6), 1037–1053.
Rizzolatti, G. & Craighero, l. (2004). The mirror-neuron system. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 27, 169-192.
Rosselli, M., Matute, E. y Ardila, A. (2010). Neuropsicología del desarrollo infantil. México: Manual Moderno.
Russell T. A., Rubia K., Bullmore E. T., Soni W., Suckling J…, & Brammer, M. J. (2000).
Exploring the social brain in schizophrenia: left prefrontal underactivation during mental state attribution. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 2040–2042.
Trujillo, N. y Pineda, D. (2008). Función Ejecutiva en la investigación de los Trastornos del Comportamiento del Niño y del Adolescente. Revista Neuropsicología, Neuropsiquiatría y Neurociencias, 8(1), 72 – 94.
Urrego-Betancourt, Y. (2008). El impacto de las experiencias tempranas en la cognición social. Psycholgia: avances de la disciplina, 61-80.
Urrego-Betancourt, Y. (2011). Cognición Social y Trauma Temprano. Típicas, 7(2), 122 – 141.
Weinfeld, N., Sroufe, L., & Egeland, B. (2000). Attachment from infancy to early adulthood in high-risk sample: Continuity, discontinuity, and their correlates. Child Development, 71, 695–702.
Weiss, R. S. (1982). Attachment in adult life. In Parkes, C. M. & Stevenson-Hinde, J. (Eds.), The place of attachment in human behavior (pp. 111-184). New York: Wiley.
Yárnoz, S., Itziar, A., Plazaola, M., & Sainz, L. (2001). Apego en adultos y percepción de los otros. Anales de Psicología, 17 (2), 159 – 170.
Ainsworth, M., Blehar, M., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patrones de apego. Buenos Aires: Erlbaum.
Amodio, D. M., & Frith, C. D. (2006). Meeting of minds: the medial frontal cortex and social cognition. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7, 268–277.
Armsden, G. C., & Greenberg, M. T. (1987). The inventory of parent and peer attachment: individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 16, 427-454.
Bechara A, Damasio H, & Damasio A. (2000) Emotion, decision making and the orbitofrontal cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 10, 295–307.
Bourbeau, L., Diehl, M., Elnick, A. & Labouvie-Vief, G. (1998). Adult attachment styles: Their relations to family context and personality. Journal of personality and social psychology, 74(6) 1656-1669.
Bowlby, J. (1998). El apego y la pérdida. Buenos Aires: Paidós.
Brenilla, M., Carreras, M. & Brizzio, A. (2001). Evaluación de los estilos de apego en adultos. Facultad de Psicología. Universidad de Buenos Aires: Buenos Aires.
Buttman, J. e Allegri, R. F. (2001), A Cognição Social e o Córtex Cerebral, Psicologia. Reflexão e Crítica, 14(2), 275-279.
Carpendale, J., & Lewis, C. (2004). Constructing an understanding of the mind: The development of children’s social understanding within social interaction. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 27, 79-151.
Camargo, S., Mejía, G., Herrera, A., & Carrillo, S. (2007). Adaptación del cuestionario “personas en mi vida” en niños y niñas bogotanos entre 9 y 12 años de edad. Acta colombiana de psicología, 10(2), 83-93.
Castañeda, M., Ostrosky-Solis, F., García-Reyna, J. C.,García-Marín, J. A., Gutierrez, L. M., Medina, V., et al. (2003). Mild cognitive impairment: A SPECT and neuropsychology study. Salud Mental, 26, 30–39.
Castellanos, L., Delgado, C., Fortoul, P., y Rozo, M. (2009). Apego parental, vínculo con pares, y su relación con el género y el estrato. Trabajo de Grado Universidad de la Sabana. Bogotá. Recuperado de http://intellectum.unisabana.edu.co:8080/jspui/bitstream/10818/4893/1/130193.pdf
Contreras, J., Kerns, K., Weimer, B., Gentzler, A., & Tomich, P. (2000). Emotion regulation as a mediator of associations between mother-child attachment and peer relationships in middle childhood. Journal of Family Psychology, 14, 111–124.
Fonagy, P. & Luyten, P. (2009). A developmental, mentalization-based approach to the understanding and treatment of borderline personality disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 21, 1355–1381.
Fonagy, P., Luyten, P., & Strathearn, L. (2011). Borderline personality disorder, mentalization, and the neurobiology of attachment. Infant Mental Health Journal 32, 47–69.
Freeman, H., & Brown, B. (2001). Primary attachment to parents and peers during adolescence: differences by attachment style. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 653-674.
González, L., y Méndez, L. (2006). Relación entre autoestima, depresión y apego en adolescentes urbanos de la comuna de concepcion, Chile. Terapia psicológica, 24, 5-14.
Grande-García, I. (2009). Neurociencia social: El maridaje entre la psicología social y las neurociencias cognitivas. Revisión e introducción una nueva disciplina. Anales de psicología, 25(1), 1-20.
Greenberg, M., Kusche. C., Cook, T., & Quamma, J. (1995). Promoting emotional competence in school-aged children: the effects of the PATHS curriculum. Development and Psychopathology, 7, 117 – 136.
Greenberg, M., Siegal, J., & Leitch, C. (1984). The nature and importance of attachment relationships to parents and peers during adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 12(5): 373-386.
Haglund, M., Nestadt, P., Cooper, S., Southwick, M., & Charney, S. (2007). Psychobiological mechanisms of resilience: Relevance to prevention and treatment of stress-related psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 19(3), 889-920.
Iacoboni M. (2009). Imitation, empathy, and mirror neurons. Annual Review of Psychology, 60, 653–670.
Immele, A. (2000). The role of adolescents’ representations of attachment and peer relationships in the prediction of delinquency. United States: University of Virginia.
Kerns, K., Aspelmeier, J., & Gentzler, A. (2001). Chandra MG. Parent-child attachment and monitoring in middle childhood. Journal of Family Psychology, 15, 69–81.
Kerns, K., Klepac, L., & Cole, A. (1996). Peer relationships and preadolescents’ perceptions of security in the child-mother relationship. Developmental Psychology, 32, 457–466.
Klinkert, M (2008). Consecuencias Neurológicas de Trauma Temprano. Seminario Doctorado de Psicología con Enfasis en Neurociencias Cognitiva Aplicada. Universidad de Maimonides.
Koizumi, A., Ikeda, K., Tanaka, A., & Takano, Y. (2007). Stroop Task with Facial Expressions and Emotional Words. Universidad de Tokio. Recuperado de http://www.cogsci. rpi.edu/CSJarchive/Proceedings/2007/docs/p1792.pdf
Lynch, M., & Cicchetti, D. (1997). Children's relationships with adults and peers: An examination of elementary and junior high school students. Journal of School Psychology, 35, 81-99.
López, F., Meléndez, M., Sauer, E., Berger, E. & Wyssmann, J. (1998). Internal Working Models, Self-Reported Problems and Help Seeking Attitudes among College Students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45, 79-83.
Main, M. (2000). The organized categories of infant, child, and adult attachment: Flexible vs. inflexible attention under attachment-related stress. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 48(4), 1055- 1127.
Mías, C. D., Sassi, M., Masih, M. E., Querejeta, A. & Krawchik, R. (2007). Deterioro cognitivo leve: estudio de prevalencia y factores sociodemográficos en la ciudad de Córdoba, Argentina. Revista de Neurología, 44(12), 733-738.
Mikulincer M., & Shaver P. R. (2007). Attachment in Adulthood: Structure, Dynamics and Change. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Moriguchi Y., Ohnishi T., Lane R. D., Maeda M., Mori T…, & Nemoto K. (2006). Impaired self-awareness and theory of mind: an fMRI study of mentalizing in alexithymia. Neuroimage, 32, 1472–1482.
Mundaca, M., Gallardo, I. y Díaz, P. (2000). Factores que influyen en el apego y la adaptación de los niños adoptados. Revista de Psicología, 9 (1), 1 – 16.
Murray, C., & Greenberg, M. (2006). Examining the importance of social relationships and social contexts in the lives of children with high-incidence disabilities. The Journal of Special Education, 39, 220-233.
Nolte, T., Bolling, D., Hudac, C., Fonagy, P., Mayers, L. & Pelphrey, A (2013). Brain mechanisms underlying the impact of attachment-related stress on social cognition. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7. 816 – 842.
Oliva, A. (2011). Apego en la Adolescencia. Acción Psicológica, 8 (2), 55-65.
Páez, D., & Ayestaran, S. (1998). Los desarrollos de la psicología social en España. Madrid: Fundación infancia y adolescencia.
Pelphrey K. A., Mitchell T. V., McKeown M. J., Goldstein J., Allison T., & McCarthy G. (2003). Brain activity evoked by the perception of human walking: Controlling for meaningful coherent motion. The Journal of Neuroscience, 23, 6819–6825.
Premack, D. & Woodruff, G. (1978) Does the chimpanzee have a theory of mind? Behavioral and brain sciences, 1, 515-526.
Pardo, M., Pineda, S., Carrillo, S., y Castro, J. (2006). Análisis psicométrico del inventario de apego con padres y pares en una muestra de adolescentes colombianos. Revista Interamericana de Psicología, 40(3), 289-302.
Repacholi B., & Slaughter V. (2003). Individual Differences in Theory of Mind: Implications for Typical and Atypical Development. New York, NY: Psychology Press.
Rice, P. (1997). Desarrollo Humano. Madrid: Prentice Hall.
Ridenour, T., Greenberg, M., & Cook, E. (2006). Structure and validity of people in my life: A self-report measure. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(6), 1037–1053.
Rizzolatti, G. & Craighero, l. (2004). The mirror-neuron system. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 27, 169-192.
Rosselli, M., Matute, E. y Ardila, A. (2010). Neuropsicología del desarrollo infantil. México: Manual Moderno.
Russell T. A., Rubia K., Bullmore E. T., Soni W., Suckling J…, & Brammer, M. J. (2000).
Exploring the social brain in schizophrenia: left prefrontal underactivation during mental state attribution. American Journal of Psychiatry, 157, 2040–2042.
Trujillo, N. y Pineda, D. (2008). Función Ejecutiva en la investigación de los Trastornos del Comportamiento del Niño y del Adolescente. Revista Neuropsicología, Neuropsiquiatría y Neurociencias, 8(1), 72 – 94.
Urrego-Betancourt, Y. (2008). El impacto de las experiencias tempranas en la cognición social. Psycholgia: avances de la disciplina, 61-80.
Urrego-Betancourt, Y. (2011). Cognición Social y Trauma Temprano. Típicas, 7(2), 122 – 141.
Weinfeld, N., Sroufe, L., & Egeland, B. (2000). Attachment from infancy to early adulthood in high-risk sample: Continuity, discontinuity, and their correlates. Child Development, 71, 695–702.
Weiss, R. S. (1982). Attachment in adult life. In Parkes, C. M. & Stevenson-Hinde, J. (Eds.), The place of attachment in human behavior (pp. 111-184). New York: Wiley.
Yárnoz, S., Itziar, A., Plazaola, M., & Sainz, L. (2001). Apego en adultos y percepción de los otros. Anales de Psicología, 17 (2), 159 – 170.
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