Chronotype and Time of Day Effects on a Famous Face Recognition Task with Dynamic Stimuli
Authors
Pedro Bem-Haja
André Silva
Catarina Rosa
Diâner F. Queiroz
Talles Barroso
Luiza Cerri
Miguel F. Alves
Carlos F. Silva
Isabel M. Santos
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Bem-Haja, P., Silva, A., Rosa, C., Queiroz, D. F., Barroso, T., Cerri, L., Alves, M. F., Silva, C. F., & Santos, I. M. (2023). Chronotype and Time of Day Effects on a Famous Face Recognition Task with Dynamic Stimuli. International Journal of Psychological Research, 16(2), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.6583
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To give up copyright, the authors allow that, International Journal of Psychological Research, distribute the work more broadly, check for the reuse by others and take care of the necessary procedures for the registration and administration of copyright; at the same time, our editorial board represents the interests of the author and allows authors to re-use his work in various forms. In response to the above, authors transfer copyright to the journal, International Journal of Psychological Research. This transfer does not imply other rights which are not those of authorship (for example those that concern about patents). Likewise, preserves the authors rights to use the work integral or partially in lectures, books and courses, as well as make copies for educational purposes. Finally, the authors may use freely the tables and figures in its future work, wherever make explicit reference to the previous publication in International Journal of Psychological Research. The assignment of copyright includes both virtual rights and forms of the article to allow the editorial to disseminate the work in the manner which it deems appropriate.
The editorial board reserves the right of amendments deemed necessary in the application of the rules of publication.
Abstract
Chronotype and Time of Day (ToD) can modulate several aspects of cognitive performance. However, there is limited evidence about the effect of these variables on face recognition performance, so the aim of the present study is to investigate this influence. For this, 274 participants (82.5% females; age 18-49 years old, mean = 27.2, SD =
1.82) were shown 20 short videoclips, each gradually morphing from a general identity unfamiliar face to a famous face. Participants should press the spacebar to stop each video as soon as they could identify the famous face, and then provide the name or an unequivocal description of
the person. Analysis of response times (RT) showed that evening-types recognised the faces faster than morning-types. Considering different ToD windows, the effect of chronotype was only significant in the 13h-17h and
in the 21h-6h time-windows. Altogether, results suggest an advantage of evening-types on famous face recognition using dynamic stimuli with morning-types, being particularly slower during their non-optimal period.
Keywords:
References
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Bernstein, J. P. K., DeVito, A., & Calamia, M. (2019). Subjectively and objectively measured sleep predict differing aspects of cognitive functioning in adults. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 34(7), 1127–1137. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz017
Blatter, K., & Cajochen, C. (2007). Circadian rhythms in cognitive performance: methodological constraints, protocols, theoretical underpinnings. Physiology & Behavior, 90(2–3), 196–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.09.009
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Evansová, K., Červená, K., Novák, O., Dudysová, D., Nekovářová, T., Fárková, E., & Fajnerová, I. (2022). The effect of chronotype and time of assessment on cognitive performance. Biological Rhythm Research, 53(4), 608–627. https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2020.1822053
Fabbri, M., Mencarelli, C., Adan, A., & Natale, V. (2013). Time-of-day and circadian typology on memory retrieval. Biological Rhythm Research, 44(1), 125–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2012.656244
Facer-Childs, E. R., Boiling, S., & Balanos, G. M. (2018). The effects of time of day and chronotype on cognitive and physical performance in healthy volunteers. Sports Medicine - Open, 4(1), Article 47. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-018-0162-z
Fan, X., Zhou, Q., Liu, Z., & Xie, F. (2015). Electroencephalogram assessment of mental fatigue in visual search. Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, 26 Suppl 1, S1455-1463. https://doi.org/10.3233/BME-151444
FFmpeg Developers (2016). FFmpeg tool (Version 4.3.0) [Computer software]. https://ffmpeg.org/download.html
Frings, D. (2015). The effects of low levels of fatigue on face recognition among individuals and team members. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 45(8), 461–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12312
Horne, J. A., brass, C. G., & Petitt, A. N. (1980). Circadian performance differences between morning and evening ‘types.’ Ergonomics, 23(1), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140138008924715
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Kachur, A., Osin, E., Davydov, D., Shutilov, K., & Novokshonov, A. (2020). Assessing the Big Five personality traits using real-life static facial images. Scientific Reports, 10(1), Article 8487. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-65358-6
Kerkhof, G. A., & Van Dongen, H. P. A. (1996). Morning-type and evening-type individuals differ in the phase position of their endogenous circadian oscillator. Neuroscience Letters, 218(3), 153–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-3940(96)13140-2
Lack, L., Bailey, M., Lovato, N., & Wright, H. (2009). Chronotype differences in circadian rhythms of temperature, melatonin, and sleepiness as measured in a modified constant routine protocol. Nature and Science of Sleep, 1, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.2147/nss.s6234
Lack, L. C., & Bailey, M. (1994). Endogenous circadian rhythms of evening and morning types. Sleep Res, 23, 501.
Langner, R., Steinborn, M. B., Chatterjee, A., Sturm, W., & Willmes, K. (2010). Mental fatigue and temporal preparation in simple reaction-time performance. Acta Psychologica, 133(1), 64–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2009.10.001
Levandovski, R., Sasso, E., & Hidalgo, M. P. (2013). Chronotype: a review of the advances, limits and applicability of the main instruments used in the literature to assess human phenotype. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 35(1), 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1590/S2237-60892013000100002
Liao, D., Ishii, L. E., Chen, J., Chen, L. W., Kumar, A., Papel, I. D., Kontis, T. C., Byrne, P. J., Boahene, K. D. O., & Ishii, M. (2020). How Old Do I Look? Exploring the Facial Cues of Age in a Tasked Eye-Tracking Study. Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine, 22(1), 36–41. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpsam.2019.29001.lia
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Loureiro, F., & Garcia-Marques, T. (2015). Morning or Evening person? Which type are you? Self-assessment of chronotype. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 168–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.06.022
Lunn, J., & Chen, J.-Y. (2022). Chronotype and time of day effects on verbal and facial emotional Stroop task performance in adolescents. Chronobiology International, 39(3), 323–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2021.1998102
Madhav, K. C., Sherchand, S. P., & Sherchan, S. (2017). Association between screen time and depression among US adults. Preventive Medicine Reports, 8, 67–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.08.005
Maierova, L., Borisuit, A., Scartezzini, J.-L., Jaeggi, S. M., Schmidt, C., & Münch, M. (2016). Diurnal variations of hormonal secretion, alertness and cognition in extreme chronotypes under different lighting conditions. Scientific Reports, 6(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep33591
Matchock, R. L., & Toby Mordkoff, J. (2009). Chronotype and time-of-day influences on the alerting, orienting, and executive components of attention. Experimental Brain Research, 192(2), 189–198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-008-1567-6
May, C. P., Hasher, L., & Foong, N. (2005). Implicit memory, age, and time of day: paradoxical priming effects. Psychological Science, 16(2), 96–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00788.x
Mecacci, L., & Righi, S. (2006). Cognitive failures, metacognitive beliefs and aging. Personality and Individual Differences, 40(7), 1453–1459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.11.022
Mograss, M., Godbout, R., & Guillem, F. (2006). The ERP old-new effect: A useful indicator in studying the effects of sleep on memory retrieval processes. Sleep, 29(11), 1491–1500. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/29.11.1491
Monteiro, F., Rodrigues, P., Nascimento, C. S., Simões, F., & Miguel, M. (2022). The daily rhythms of working memory and their methodological constraints: a critical overview. Biological Rhythm Research, 53(7), 1116–1143. https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2021.1907511
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