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Esquivel Y Ancona, M. F., García Cabrero, B., Montero Y López Lena, M., & Valencia Cruz, A. (2013). Maternal regulation and toddlers’ effortful control. International Journal of Psychological Research, 6(1), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.698
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Abstract

Effortful control is a regulatory component of emotion (Calkins & Hill, 2007). This descriptive study analyzed the relation between maternal co-regulation strategies and children self-regulation strategies in order to evaluate their effortful control skills.
19 dyads [mother-child] with children between 18 and 36 months old participated and were divided in three groups, the sample was taken from government´s nurseries. A transversal study with direct observation of the experimental situation was executed. Every dyad was recorded twice, the observed strategies were encoded and a high reliability (α=.86) was gotten. No significant statistical differences were found among the groups (X2= 26), but co-relations showed that maternal and child strategies changed in function of the age. Older children used preferably active attention strategies related with a higher effortful control that were linked with maternal strategies promoting autonomy.

References

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Calkins, S. D., Gill, K. L., Johnson, M. C. & Smith, C. L. (1999). Emotional reactivity and emotional regulation strategies as predictors of social behavior with peers during toddlerhood. Social Development, 8, 310-334.
Calkins, S. & Hill, A. (2007). Caregiver influences on emerging emotion regulation: biological and environmental transactions in early development. En J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 229-248).

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