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Resumen
Propósito: La capacidad de ver y procesar imágenes depende de la función de los ojos y del procesamiento de la información visual por parte de las neuronas en la corteza cerebral, algo que podría medirse mediante electroencefalografía (EEG). Aunque el EEG se utiliza para evaluar las vías visuales en niños y enfermedades desmielinizantes, la utilización limitada de técnicas de grabación cerebral en otras aplicaciones como la terapia se debe principalmente a restricciones presupuestarias. El objetivo de este artículo es demostrar resultados del estudio de aspectos cerebrales de la visión, utilizando mediciones basadas en el análisis de actividad oscilatoria, equipos de bajo costo y portátiles, y un flujo de procesamiento basado en las bibliotecas de código abierto de Python. Estos estudios involucran a sujetos sanos que usan gafas para evaluar cambios en la percepción visual.
Métodos: Primero, se registraron señales electroencefalográficas mientras los sujetos observaban un estímulo visual estandarizado. Las señales fueron procesadas y filtradas para reducir artefactos, y se calculó la densidad espectral de potencia (PSD) para observar la presencia de potenciales visuales en estado estable (VEP) y confirmar la captura de la activación neuronal ante el estímulo visual.
Resultados: Fue posible establecer una diferencia entre los sujetos que llevaban y no llevaban sus gafas, permitiendo validar que la información adquirida con el equipo transferible es adecuada para el análisis de la actividad neuronal relacionada con el procesamiento visual, abriendo la posibilidad de ser utilizada en estudios futuros en terapia.
Conclusión: Este estudio contribuye al desarrollo de soluciones de EEG de bajo costo y portátiles para el análisis del sistema visual. Demuestra el potencial de aplicar dispositivos de EEG transferibles en entornos clínicos y resalta la importancia de estímulos visuales adaptados para una activación neural confiable.
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