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Quintero Ortiz, L. A., Fernández Torres, M. J., & Baquero, A. A. (2015). Obtaining processes and test precious alloys gold used in jewellery. Ingenierías USBmed, 6(2), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.21500/20275846.1727
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Abstract
First studies made about golden alloys are developed some decades ago, which refer to the manufacturing process pieces of different sizes and shapes and include problems due allergies reactions generated for continuous use. Over time, new technological development and the emergence of study and characterization technical, there has competed advances that allow give a possible explanation to material behavior, which has a close relationship their microstructure and properties. Furthermore, it has been possible to make alloys with predetermined composition, crystalline and amorphous, applying manufacturing process and characterization.
References
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[9] Guzmano G, “Influence of Si, Ni and Co additions on gold alloy for investment cast process,” Elsevier, pp. 252-258, 2001.
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[15] M. F. Grimwade, “Working and annealing,” World Gold Council, Issue 2, pp. 17-22, Jun 1990.
[16] W. H Wang, C. Dong and C. H. Shek, “Bulk metallic glasses,” Elsevier, pp, 45-89, 2004.
[17] J. Schroers and B. Lohwongwatana, “Precious Bulk Metallic Glasses for Jewelry applications,” Elsevier, pp. 235-238, 2007.
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[23] M. G. Malagoli, “CAD-CAM technology: transforming the goldsmith´s workshop,” World Gold Council, Issue 31, pp. 31-35 Spr 2002.
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[35] S. Alviti, “Getting gold to glitter or all that glitters is gold – the mass finishing of gold jewelry,” World Gold Council, Issue 26, pp. 11-15 Jul 1999.
[36] G. Raykhtsaum and D. P. Agarwal, “Breakthrough in laser marking for precious metals,” World Gold Council, Issue 24, pp. 10-13 Sep 1998.
[37] Ch. J, “Electroforming of gold alloys- the ARTFORMTM process,” World Gold Council, Issue 26, pp. 2-15 Jul 1995.
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[39] P. Jalas, J. P. Ruottinen and S. Hemminki, “XRF analisis of jewelry using fully standardless fundamental parameter approach,” World Gold Council, Issue 35, pp. 28-34 Sum 2002.
[40] S. Mozgovoy, J. Heinrich, U.E. Klotz, and R. Busch, “Investigation of mechanical, corrosion and optical properties of an 18 carat Au-Cu-Si-Ag-Pd bulk metallic glass,’’ Elsevier, pp. 2289 - 2291, 2010.
[41] W. Corti, Christopher. Basic Metallurgy of the Preciuos Metals. Santa Fe Symposium on Jewelry Manufacturing Technology, 2007, pp. 77-108.
[42] C. Cretu and E. V. Lingen, “Colured gold alloy,” World Gold Council, Issue 30, pp. 30-39 Sum 2000.
[43] American Society for Testing and Materials. “Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System”. ASTM E308-13, pp. 1-44, Jan 2014.
[44] American Society for Testing and Materials. “Standard Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates”. ASTM E313-10, pp. 1-6, Jan 2014.
[45] M. Grimwade. “Interdisciplinary science”. Inst. Of Materials. Pp. 373, 1992.
[46] American Society for Testing and Materials. “Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials”. ASTM E8 /E8M − 13a, pp. 1-28, Feb 2014.
[47] American Society for Testing and Materials. “Standard Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials”. ASTM E10-12, pp. 1-32, Feb 2014.
[48] American Society for Testing and Materials. “Standard Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens”. ASTM E3-11, pp. 1-12, Feb 2014.
[49] American Society for Testing and Materials. “Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size”. ASTM E112-12, pp. 1-27, Feb 2014.
[50] D. Ott and U. Schindler, “Metallography of gold alloys,” World Gold Council, Issue 33, pp. 6-11 Win 2001.
[51] D. Zito, “Coloured carat golds for Investment casting,” World Gold Council, Issue 31, pp. 35-42 Spr 2001.
[52] D. Ott, “Gold casting alloy 14 and 18 carat,” World Gold Council, Issue 7, pp. 2-7 Spr 1992.
[53] C. Creud, E. Van der Lingen and L. Glaner, “Hard 22 Carat gld alloy,” World Gold Council, Issue 7, pp. 25-29 Sum 2000.
[54] L. Diamond, “Casting defects from model to finished product”. Santa Fe Symposium on Jewelry Manufacturing Technology, pp. 149, 1987.
[55] C. J. Raub. “Testing quality of jewellery casting” Santa Fe Symposium on Jewelry Manufacturing Technology, pp.107, 1987.
[56] D. Ott, “Ingot casting and continuous casting,” World Gold Council, Issue 13, pp. 45-48 Nov 1997.
[57] D. Ott, “Description of defects,” World Gold Council, Issue 13, pp. 37-40 Nov 1997.
[58] R.T. Owen, “Castings defects control,” World Gold Council, Issue 13, pp. 2-15 Jul 1994.
[59] D. Ott, “Porosity in investment casting,” World Gold Council, Issue 11, pp. 15-20 Nov 1993.
[60] E. Bell, “Wax elimination, burnout oand the mold´s effect on porosity in casting,” World Gold Council, Issue 11, pp. 21-27 Nov 1993.
[61] J. C. Wright, “Technical manual for gold jewellery,” World Gold Council, Pp. 44-58, 2000.
[62] D. V. Louzguine-Luzgin, I. Zeki, T Yamamoto, H. Kawaji, C, Sueyanarayana and A. Inoue, “Structural relaxation and crystallization processes in Cu55Hf25Ti15Pd5 metallic glassy alloy,” Elsevier, pp. 177-181, 2012.
[63] A. Eugen,“Metallic glasses from ‘‘alchemy’’ to pure science: Present and future of design, processing and applications of glassy metals,” Elsevier, pp. 1-39, 2012.
[64] K. laws, K. Shamlaye and M. Ferry, “Synthesis of Ag-based bulk metallic glass in the Ag-Mg-Ca-[Cu] alloy system,” Elsevier, pp, 10-13, 2012.
[2] D. R Askeland and P. P. Phulé. Askeland. Ciencia e ingeniería de los materiales. México: CENGAGE Learning, pág, 357-407, 2009.
[3] A. Valencia. “Metalurgia Física”. Universidad de Antioquia. Pág. 430-431, Nov 1987.
[4] M. F. Grimwade, “A plain man´s guide to alloy diagrams: their use in jewellery manufacture- part 2,” World Gold Council, Issue 30, pp. 8-7, Sum 2000.
[5] J. J Hostynek, “Gold: An Allergen of Growing Significance. Food and Chemical Toxicology,” Elsevier, pp. 839-844, Apr 1997.
[6] M. García Ramírez. “Evaluación cromática y microstructural de una aleación de oro blanco al Mn en estado fundido y tratado térmicamente”. Tesis de maestría, dirigido por D. Y. Peña Ballesteros y A. Alonso Baquero, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, pág. 1-2, dic. 2008.
[7] R. Rushforth, “Don´t let niquel get under your skin- the European experience,” World Gold Council, Issue 28, pp. 2-10 Spr 2000.
[8] M. F. Grimwade, “The 14th Santa Fe Symposium on jewellery manufacturing technology,” World Gold Council, Issue 30, pp. 23-30 Sum 2000.
[9] Guzmano G, “Influence of Si, Ni and Co additions on gold alloy for investment cast process,” Elsevier, pp. 252-258, 2001.
[10] F. Arbini, “Effect of cobalt additions on the properties of 5N red gold alloys,” World Gold Council, Issue 25, pp. 31-35 Apr 1999.
[11] J. C. Mccloskey, P. R. Welch and S. Aithal, “The effect of silicon desoxidation and grain refinement on the production performance of a 14 karat yellow gold casting alloy,” World Gold Council, Issue 30, pp. 4-7, Sum 2000.
[12] G. Lockwood, “The practical gold-worked,” World Gold Council, Issue 7, pp. 15-21 Nov 1877.
[13] J. Wright, “Technical manual for gold jewellery,” World Gold Council, pp. 2.3, 2001.
[14] M. F. Grimwade, “Solidification of metalsm,” World Gold Council, Issue 2, pp. 11-16, Jun 1990.
[15] M. F. Grimwade, “Working and annealing,” World Gold Council, Issue 2, pp. 17-22, Jun 1990.
[16] W. H Wang, C. Dong and C. H. Shek, “Bulk metallic glasses,” Elsevier, pp, 45-89, 2004.
[17] J. Schroers and B. Lohwongwatana, “Precious Bulk Metallic Glasses for Jewelry applications,” Elsevier, pp. 235-238, 2007.
[18] W.S. Rapson, “Gold refining for the jewellery producer,” World Gold Council, Issue 14, pp. 2-9 Nov 1994.
[19] M. F. Grimwade, “Melting, Alloying and casting,” World Gold Council, Issue 2, pp. 5-10, Jun 1990.
[20] E. Soinila, K. Antin, S. Bossuyt and Hänninen, “Bulk metallic glass tube casting,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Elsevier, pp. 210–213, 2011.
[21] Patrick Scott. Cad Software for Jewelry Design: A Comprehensive Survey. The 19th Santa Fe Symposium on Jewelry Manufacturing. Pp. 409-422, 2005.
[22] M. Bovin and P. Bovin. “Jewellery making for school, tradesmen, craftsmen”. Forest Hill, 1976.
[23] M. G. Malagoli, “CAD-CAM technology: transforming the goldsmith´s workshop,” World Gold Council, Issue 31, pp. 31-35 Spr 2002.
[24] L. C. Molinary and M. C. Megazinni, “The role of CAD/CAM in the modern jewelery business,” World Gold Council, Issue 23, pp. 3-7 Spr 2002.
[25] Schuster, Hubert; Bolzonella, Alberto. The Preparation of the master mould- The Key Point of Stone-In-Place Casting. The 19th Santa Fe Symposium on Jewelry Manufacturing. pp. 399-408, 2005.
[26] J. Wright, “Technical manual for gold jewellery,” World Gold Council, pp. 3.2, 3.3, 2001.
[27] L. Kellenborg“Modelling in wax for jewellery and sculpture”. Forest Hill, 1981.
[28] W. Corti, Christopher. Basic Metallurgy of the Preciuos Metals. Santa Fe Symposium, pp. 77-108, 2007.
[29] C. H. Schwartz, “Chemical and physical properties of investment,” Santa Fe Symposium on Jewelry Manufacturing Technology, pp. 99, 1987.
[30] J. Wright, “Technical manual for gold jewellery,” World Gold Council, pp. 3.4, 2001.
[31] R. Carter, “Effects of water quality and temperature on investment casting powder,” World Gold Council, Issue 32, pp. 7-17 Sum 1993.
[32] P. J, “Investment powders and investment casting,” World Gold Council, Issue 28, pp. 12-17 Spr 2000.
[33] H. Schuster and A. Bolzonella. “The Preparation of the master mould- The Key Point of Stone-In-Place Casting”. Santa Fe Symposium, pp. 399-408, 2005.
[34] M. Dreher, “Bulk finishing of gold jewellery- I Wet tumbling: principios básicos,” World Gold Council, Issue 26, pp. 7-10 Jul 1999.
[35] S. Alviti, “Getting gold to glitter or all that glitters is gold – the mass finishing of gold jewelry,” World Gold Council, Issue 26, pp. 11-15 Jul 1999.
[36] G. Raykhtsaum and D. P. Agarwal, “Breakthrough in laser marking for precious metals,” World Gold Council, Issue 24, pp. 10-13 Sep 1998.
[37] Ch. J, “Electroforming of gold alloys- the ARTFORMTM process,” World Gold Council, Issue 26, pp. 2-15 Jul 1995.
[38] A. Marucco and W. Stankiewicz, “Development of an XRF spectrometry analytical method for gold determination in gold jewellery alloy,” World Gold Council, Issue 24, pp. 14-22 Sep 1998.
[39] P. Jalas, J. P. Ruottinen and S. Hemminki, “XRF analisis of jewelry using fully standardless fundamental parameter approach,” World Gold Council, Issue 35, pp. 28-34 Sum 2002.
[40] S. Mozgovoy, J. Heinrich, U.E. Klotz, and R. Busch, “Investigation of mechanical, corrosion and optical properties of an 18 carat Au-Cu-Si-Ag-Pd bulk metallic glass,’’ Elsevier, pp. 2289 - 2291, 2010.
[41] W. Corti, Christopher. Basic Metallurgy of the Preciuos Metals. Santa Fe Symposium on Jewelry Manufacturing Technology, 2007, pp. 77-108.
[42] C. Cretu and E. V. Lingen, “Colured gold alloy,” World Gold Council, Issue 30, pp. 30-39 Sum 2000.
[43] American Society for Testing and Materials. “Standard Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Using the CIE System”. ASTM E308-13, pp. 1-44, Jan 2014.
[44] American Society for Testing and Materials. “Standard Practice for Calculating Yellowness and Whiteness Indices from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates”. ASTM E313-10, pp. 1-6, Jan 2014.
[45] M. Grimwade. “Interdisciplinary science”. Inst. Of Materials. Pp. 373, 1992.
[46] American Society for Testing and Materials. “Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials”. ASTM E8 /E8M − 13a, pp. 1-28, Feb 2014.
[47] American Society for Testing and Materials. “Standard Test Method for Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials”. ASTM E10-12, pp. 1-32, Feb 2014.
[48] American Society for Testing and Materials. “Standard Guide for Preparation of Metallographic Specimens”. ASTM E3-11, pp. 1-12, Feb 2014.
[49] American Society for Testing and Materials. “Standard Test Methods for Determining Average Grain Size”. ASTM E112-12, pp. 1-27, Feb 2014.
[50] D. Ott and U. Schindler, “Metallography of gold alloys,” World Gold Council, Issue 33, pp. 6-11 Win 2001.
[51] D. Zito, “Coloured carat golds for Investment casting,” World Gold Council, Issue 31, pp. 35-42 Spr 2001.
[52] D. Ott, “Gold casting alloy 14 and 18 carat,” World Gold Council, Issue 7, pp. 2-7 Spr 1992.
[53] C. Creud, E. Van der Lingen and L. Glaner, “Hard 22 Carat gld alloy,” World Gold Council, Issue 7, pp. 25-29 Sum 2000.
[54] L. Diamond, “Casting defects from model to finished product”. Santa Fe Symposium on Jewelry Manufacturing Technology, pp. 149, 1987.
[55] C. J. Raub. “Testing quality of jewellery casting” Santa Fe Symposium on Jewelry Manufacturing Technology, pp.107, 1987.
[56] D. Ott, “Ingot casting and continuous casting,” World Gold Council, Issue 13, pp. 45-48 Nov 1997.
[57] D. Ott, “Description of defects,” World Gold Council, Issue 13, pp. 37-40 Nov 1997.
[58] R.T. Owen, “Castings defects control,” World Gold Council, Issue 13, pp. 2-15 Jul 1994.
[59] D. Ott, “Porosity in investment casting,” World Gold Council, Issue 11, pp. 15-20 Nov 1993.
[60] E. Bell, “Wax elimination, burnout oand the mold´s effect on porosity in casting,” World Gold Council, Issue 11, pp. 21-27 Nov 1993.
[61] J. C. Wright, “Technical manual for gold jewellery,” World Gold Council, Pp. 44-58, 2000.
[62] D. V. Louzguine-Luzgin, I. Zeki, T Yamamoto, H. Kawaji, C, Sueyanarayana and A. Inoue, “Structural relaxation and crystallization processes in Cu55Hf25Ti15Pd5 metallic glassy alloy,” Elsevier, pp. 177-181, 2012.
[63] A. Eugen,“Metallic glasses from ‘‘alchemy’’ to pure science: Present and future of design, processing and applications of glassy metals,” Elsevier, pp. 1-39, 2012.
[64] K. laws, K. Shamlaye and M. Ferry, “Synthesis of Ag-based bulk metallic glass in the Ag-Mg-Ca-[Cu] alloy system,” Elsevier, pp, 10-13, 2012.
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