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Mahirt-Smith, J. (2011). Implicaciones ambientales de las tecnologías de energía renovable. Ingenierías USBmed, 2(2), 10–16. https://doi.org/10.21500/20275846.251
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Abstract
Las tecnologías de energía renovable como la eólica, la solar y la biomasa, hacen un uso del suelo más intenso que las de combustibles fósiles tradicionales y, geográficamente, sus implicaciones ambientales son más heterogéneas, por lo que presentan un gran desafío para las técnicas de evaluación de su ciclo de vida. Este trabajo presenta los resultados de una investigación bibliográfica alrededor de los siguientes temas: 1) cambios en el uso del suelo debido a la mayor producción de energía renovable; 2) impactos del uso de suelo; 3) variabilidad geográfica en el inventario de datos; y 4) efectos de la distribución de energía. Además, se revisa el grado de investigación que actualmente se aplica acerca de las tecnologías de energía renovable en campos como el eólico, el solar y la bioenergía y en la evaluación del ciclo de vida en general.
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G. Stoglehner. “Ecological footprint: A tool for assessing sustainable energy supplies”. Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 267-277. 2003.
W. Krewitt & J. Nitsch. “The potential for electricity generation from on-shore wind energy under the constraints of nature conservation: a case study for two regions in Germany”. Renewable Energy, Vol. 28, No. 10, pp. 1645-1655. 2003.
A. Antón; F. Castells & J. I. Montero. “Land use indicators in life cycle assessment. Case study: The environmental impact of mediterranean greenhouses”. Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 15, No. 5, pp. 432-438. 2007.
H. Blonk; E. Lindeijer & J. Broers. “Towards a methodology for taking physical degradation of ecosystems into account in LCA”. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 91-98. 1997.
F. Brentrup et al. “Environmental impact assessment of agricultural production systems using the life cycle assessment methodology I. Theoretical concept of a
LCA method tailored to crop production”. European Journal of Agronomy, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 247-264. 2004.
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J. Dewulf et al. “Exergy: Its potential and limitations in environmental science and technology”. Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 42, No. 7, pp. 2221-2232. 2008.
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J. L. Hau & B. R. Bakshi. “Expanding exergy analysis to account for ecosystem products and services”. Environ Sci Technol, Vol. 38, No. 13, pp. 3768-3777. 2004.
K. Hedegaard; K. A. Thyø & H. Wenzel. “Life cycle assessment of an advanced bioethanol technology in the perspective of constrained biomass availability”. Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 42, No. 21, pp. 7992-7999. 2008.
M. A. J. Huijbregts. “Part II: Dealing with parameter uncertainty and uncertainty due to choices in life cycle assessment”. The International Journal of Life Cycle
Assessment, Vol. 3, No. 6, pp. 343-351. 1998.
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J. Barrett & A. Scott. “The Ecological Footprint: A Metric for Corporate Sustainability”. Corporate Environmental Strategy, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 316-325. 2001.
N. T. Hoagland. “Non-traditional tools for LCA and sustainability”. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 110-117. 2001.
J. G. Vogtlander et al. “Characterizing the change of land-use based on flora: application for EIA and LCA”. Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 47-57. 2004.
R. Muller-Wenk. “Land Use – The Main Threat to Species: How to Include Land Use in LCA”. IWÖ-Diskussionbeitrag, No. 64, pp. 1-46. 1998.
F. Brentrup et al. “Life cycle impact assessment of land use based on the hemeroby concept”. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Vol. 7, No. 6, pp. 339-348. 2002.
E. Lindeijer. “Biodiversity and life support impacts of land use in LCA”. Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 313-319. 2000.
J. W. Owens. “Water resources in Life-Cycle Impact Assessment: Considerations in choosing category indicators”. Journal of Industrial Ecology, Vol. 5, No. 2,
pp. 37-54. 2001.
R. van den Broek et al. “Green energy or organic food? A life-cycle assessment comparing two uses of set-aside land”. Journal of Industrial Ecology, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 65-87. 2001.
T. Köllner. “Species-pool effect potentials (SPEP) as a yardstick to evaluate land-use impacts on biodiversity”. Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 293- 311. 2000.
G. F. Haas; F. Wettterich & U. Geier. “Life Cycle Assessment Framework in agriculture on the farm level”. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Vol. 5,
No. 6, pp. 345-348. 2000.
K. Andersson et al. “The feasibility of including sustainability in LCA for product development”. Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 6, No. 3-4, pp. 289-298.
1998.
C. Simmons; K. Lewis & J. Barrett. “Two feet — two approaches: a component-based model of ecological footprinting”. Ecological Economics, Vol. 32, pp. 375-380. 2000.
B. Moller. “Changing wind-power landscapes: regional assessment of visual impact on land use and population in Northern Jutland, Denmark”. Applied Energy. Vol. 83, No. 5, pp. 477-494. 2006.
T. Tsoutsos; N. Frantzeskaki & V. Gekas. “Environmental impacts from the solar energy technologies”. Energy Policy, Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 289-296. 2005.
L. Gagnon; C. Bélanger & Y. Uchiyama. “Life-cycle assessment of electricity generation options: The status of research in year 2001”. Energy Policy, Vol. 30, No. 14, pp. 1267-1278. 2002.
J. H. Schmidt. “Development of LCIA characterisation factors for land use impacts on biodiversity”. Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 16, No. 18, pp. 1929-1942.
2008.
M. A. J. Huijbregts et al. “Framework for Modeling Data Uncertainty in Life Cycle Inventories”. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 127-132. 2001.
G. Berndes; M. Hoogwijk & R. van den Broek. “The contribution of biomass in the future global energy supply: a review of 17 studies”. Biomass and Bioenergy,
Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 1-28. 2003.
A. E. Landis; S. A. Miller & T. L. Theis. “Life cycle of the corn-soybean agroecosystem for biobased production”. Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 1457-1464. 2007.
B. Arheimer & R. Liden. “Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations from agricultural catchments-influence of spatial and temporal variables”. Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 227, No. 1-4, pp. 140-159. 2000.
V. Dornburg; I. Lewandowski & M. Patel. “Comparing the land requirements, energy savings, and greenhouse gas emissions reduction of biobased polymers and bioenergy: An analysis and system extension of lifecycle assessment studies”. Journal of Industrial Ecology, Vol. 7, No. 3-4, pp. 93-116. 2003.
F. Field; R. Kirchain & J. Clark. “Life-cycle assessment and temporal distributions of emissions”. Journal of Industrial Ecology, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 71-91. 2000.
P-A. Jacinth; R. L. Owens & D. L. Hothem. “Transport of labile carbon in runoff as affected by land use and rainfall characteristics”. Soil & Tillage Research, Vol. 77, No. 2, pp. 111-123. 2004.
B. Mattsson; C. Cederberg & L. Blix. “Agricultural land use in life cycle assessment (LCA): case studies of three vegetable oil crops”. Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 283-292. 2000.
T. O. West & G. Marland. “A synthesis of carbon sequestration, carbon emissions, and net carbon flux in agriculture: comparing tillage practices in the United
States”. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Vol. 91, No. 1-3, pp. 217-232. 2002.
T. O West & G. Marland. “Net carbon flux from agriculture: Carbon emissions, carbon sequestration, crop yield, and land-use change”. Biogeochemistry, Vol.
63, No.1, pp. 73-83. 2003.
T. O. West & N. Peña. “Determining thresholds for mandatory reporting of greenhouse gas emissions”. Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 1057-1060. 2003.
W. W. Wilhelm et al. “Crop and soil productivity response to corn residue removal: A literature review”. Agronomy Journal, Vol. 96, No. 1, pp. 1-17. 2004.
C. Wagner-Riddle & G. W. Thurtell. “Nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural fields during winter and spring thaw as affected by management practices”.
Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, Vol. 52, No. 2-3, pp. 151-163. 1998.
R. P. Udawatta; P. P. Motavalli & H. E. Garrett. “Phosphorus loss and runoff characteristics in three adjacent agricultural watersheds with claypan soils”. Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 1709-1719. 2004.
S. A. Miller; A. E. Landis & T. L. Theis. “Use of Monte Carlo Analysis to Characterize Nitrogen Fluxes in Agroecosystems”. Environ. Sci. Technol. Vol. 40, No. 7,
pp. 2324-2332. 2006.
R. F. Dones & R. Frischknech. “Life-cycle assessment of photovoltaic systems: results of Swiss studies on energy chains”. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 117-125. 1998.
M. Lenzen. “Energy and CO2 life-cycle analyses of wind turbines-review and applications”. Renewable Energy, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 339-362. 2002.
A. D. Hartkamp; J. W. White & G. Hoogenboom. “Interfacing geographic information systems with agronomic modeling: A review”. Agronomy Journal, Vol.
91, No. 5, pp. 761-772. 1999.
R. L. Graham; B. C. English & C. E. Noon. “A Geographic Information System-based modeling system for evaluating the cost of delivered energy crop
feedstock”. Biomass and Bioenergy, Vol. 18, No. 4, pp. 309-329. 2000.
S. M. J. Baban & T. Parry. “Developing and applying a GIS-assisted approach to locating wind farms in the UK”. Renewable Energy, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 59-71. 2001.
I. H. Knoepfel. “A framework for environmental impact assessment of long-distance energy transport systems”. Energy, Vol. 21, No. 7-8, pp. 693-702. 1996.
S. Abukhader & G. Jönson. “Logistics and the environment: Is it an established subject?” International Journal of Logistics, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp. 137-149. 2004.
A. Caputo et al. “Economics of biomass energy utilization in combustion and gasification plants: effects of logistic variables”. Biomass and Bioenergy, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 35-51. 2005.
J. G. Vogtländer et al. “Characterizing the change of land-use based on flora: Application for EIA and LCA”. Journal of Cleaner Production, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 47-57. 2004.
T. Wagendorp et al. “Land use impact evaluation in life cycle assessment based on ecosystem thermodynamics”. Energy, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp. 112-25. 2006.
C. Wagner-Riddle & G. W. Thurtell. “Nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural fields during winter and spring thaw as affected by management practices”.
Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, Vol. 52, No. 2-3, pp. 151-63. 1998.
National Research Council. “Environmental Impacts of Wind-Energy Projects”. The National Academy Press. 2008.
The Secretary of the Interior. “Renewable Energy Development by the Department of the Interior”. Secretarial Order #3285. 2009.
L. Greenemeier. “Cruel irony: Do renewable power plants threaten their surrounding environment?” 2009.
Bureau of Land Management. “Record of Decision and Resource Management Plan Amendments for geothermal leasing in the Western United States”. BLMWO-GI-09-003-1800. 2008.
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