8. Design of a University Botanical Garden in Areas of the Los Llanos Foothills: Loma Linda Campus, Saint Thomas University, Villavicencio
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Velosa Caicedo, R. I., & Gonzáles Trujillo, J. M. (2019). 8. Design of a University Botanical Garden in Areas of the Los Llanos Foothills: Loma Linda Campus, Saint Thomas University, Villavicencio. Ingenierías USBmed, 10(2), 31–43. https://doi.org/10.21500/20275846.4152
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Abstract
botanical gardens have evolved up to a point in which they have become environments of biodiversity conservation. Their evolution does not only reflect changes in purposes and desires of conservation of local cultures, but also those in the conceptual, methodological and technical contributions from various disciplines of knowledge. University botanical gardens are often associated with fragments of natural vegetation of different sizes, in different stages of ecological succession and within the context of ecoregions or specific areas of life. They are also linked with the maintenance of native species, and the development of education, research, and environmental awareness activities. This article is a product research conducted at the University of Santo Tomas, Villavicencio campus, in Meta, Colombia. It was designed to evaluate the ecological and technical feasibility of the establishment of an area of a botanical garden in this institution. It aims to share the reflections made on the importance, challenges and major impacts from the botanical gardens as a strategy for conservation of biodiversity, as well as to illustrate the purposes of planning and designing guidelines for a University Botanical Garden in the area of the Los Llanos Foothills.
References
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[32] Y. Van Heezik and K. Ludwig, “Proximity to source populations and untidy gardens predict occurrence of a small lizard in an urban area,” Landsc. Urban Plan., vol. 104, no. 2, pp. 253–259, 2012.
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[37] J. Carvajal and N. Urbina, “Reptiles en Fragmentos de Bosque Seco Tropical en Córdoba, Colombia,” Trop. Conserv. Sci., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 397–416, 2008.
[38] O. Acevedo-Charry, A. Pinto, and J. Orlando Rangel-Ch, “Las Aves de la Orinoquia colombiana: una revisión de sus registros,” Colombia diversidad biótica, vol. 14. 2014.
[39] A. Díaz, “Variación espaciotemporal de la lluvia de semillas en pastizales de un ecosistema alto andino (Reserva Forestal Municipal de Cogua, Cundinamarca),” 2004.
[40] T. R. Sousa, F. R. C. Costa, T. V Bentos, N. Leal Filho, R. C. G. Mesquita, and I. O. Ribeiro, “The effect of forest fragmentation on the soil seed bank of Central Amazonia,” For. Ecol. Manage., vol. 393, no. Supplement C, pp. 105–112, 2017.
[41] E. E. Santo-Silva, W. Almeida, M. Tabarelli, and C. Peres, “Habitat fragmentation and the future structure of tree assemblages in a fragmented Atlantic forest landscape,” Plant Ecology, vol. 217, no. 9, 2016.
[42] K. Valenta, T. S. Steffens, R. R. Rafaliarison, C. A. Chapman, and S. M. Lehman, “Seed Banks in Savanna, Forest Fragments, and Continuous Forest Edges Differ in a Tropical Dry Forest in Madagascar,” Biotropica, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 435–440, 2015.
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[44] R. I. Velosa Caicedo, K. J. Domínguez Guarín, and Y. Romero Perdomo, “Composición y diversidad del banco de semillas en áreas urbanas fragmentadas de piedemonte, Villavicencio, Colombia,” Ing. USBMed, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 86, 2018.
[45] R. Velosa, J. M. Gonzalez, J. Pardo, and Acosta, Viabilidad ecológica y técnica para el establecimiento de un área de jardín botánico en predios de la Universidad Santo Tomás, sede Loma Linda, Villavicencio. Villavicencio: Universidad Santo Tomás, 2017.
[46] D. Ruíz, “Capacidad de carga turística del área de uso público del Parque Ecológico El Samán, Cartago, Valle,” tesis de pregrado, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, 2012.
[47] M. Cifuentes, Determinación de la Capacidad de Carga en Áreas Naturales Protegidas. Costa Rica: Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, 1992.
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[49] G. Mendiola, “Estudio axiológico estético de la arquitectura en México a finales del siglo XX (1960-1990),” tesis doctoral, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, México, 2007.
[50] Asociación para la Interpretación del Patrimonio – AIP, Boletín de Interpretación, no. 6, 2002.
[51] M. G. Linkies, “La importancia de las personas en la preservación de la naturaleza,” Rev. Ing. USBMed, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 5, 2011.
[2] Botanic Gardens Conservation International, “Botanic Garden,” 2012. [Online], Disponible en: htpps://www.bcgi.org.
[3] N. D. Swarts and K. W. Dixon, “Perspectives on orchid conservation in botanic gardens,” Trends Plant Sci., vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 590–598, 2009.
[4] S. F. Oldfield, “Botanic gardens and the conservation of tree species,” Trends Plant Sci., vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 581–583, 2009.
[5] J. Chen, C. Cannon, and H. Hu, “Tropical botanical gardens: at the in situ ecosystem management frontier,” Trends Plant Sci., vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 584-589, 2009.
[6] L.S. Chang, R. J. Bisgrove, and M.Y. Liao, “Improving educational functions in botanic gardens by employing landscape narratives,” Landscape and Urban Planning, vol. 86, no. 3-4, pp. 233-247, 2008.
[7] M. Soderstrom, “Botanical Gardens,” en Oxford: Encyclopedia of Ecology. Academic Press, 2008.
[8] A. Olaya, A. Rivera, and C. Rodríguez, “Plan nacional de colecciones para los jardines botánicos de Colombia,” Red Nacional de Jardines Botánicos de Colombia, Ministerio del Medio Ambiente, Bogotá, Colombia, pp. 1–41, 2002.
[9] Instituto Alexander Von Humboldt -IaVH, Plan Nacional de jardines botánicos de Colombia, Red Nacional de Jardines Botánicos, Darwin Initiative, 2001.
[10] P. Wyse Jackson and L. A. Sutherland, “Agenda Internacional para la conservación en Jardines botánicos,” 2000.
[11] Botanic Gardens Conservation International, 6th Global Botanic Garden Congress, 2017.
[12] M. Rodriguez, Martín Cárdenas el eximio botánico y naturalista de América. La Paz: Proinpa, 2005.
[13] M. Pabón, “Jardines botánicos universitarios en la universidad estatal del centro - occidente,” Ciencias Humanas, vol. 33, pp. 99–118, 2004.
[14] R. Mathieu, C. Freeman, and J. Aryal, “Mapping private gardens in urban areas using object-oriented techniques and very high resolution satellite imagery,” Landsc. Urban Plan., vol. 81, no. 3, pp. 179–192, 2007.
[15] M. Maunder, S. Higgens, and A. Culham, “The effectiveness of botanic garden collections in supporting plant conservation: A European case study,” Biodiversity & Conservation, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 383-401, 2001.
[16] M. Maunder, B. Lyte, J. Dransfield, and W. Baker, “The conservation value of botanic garden palm collections,” Biol. Conserv., vol. 98, no. 3, pp. 259–271, 2001.
[17] R. Quintana, “Bases para la implementación de un sistema de gestión ambiental para el Jardín Botánico Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, Pereira,” tesis de pregrado, UTP, Pereira, 2005.
[18] P. Kumble and C. Houston, “The elements of a conservation botanic garden for eco-tourism: Belize Botanic Garden as a case study,” J. Landsc. Stud., vol. 2, no. May, pp. 1–15, 2009.
[19] L. M. Pearce, A. Davison, and J. B. Kirkpatrick, “Personal encounters with trees: The lived significance of the private urban forest,” Urban For. Urban Green., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2015.
[20] [20] D. Kendal, K. J. H. Williams, and N. S. G. Williams, “Plant traits link people’s plant preferences to the composition of their gardens,” Landsc. Urban Plan., vol. 105, no. 1, pp. 34–42, 2012.
[21] K. Hardwick et al., The Role of Botanic Gardens in the Science and Practice of Ecological Restoration, vol. 25. 2011.
[22] C. D. Ward, C. M. Parker, and C. M. Shackleton, “The use and appreciation of botanical gardens as urban green spaces in South Africa,” Urban For. Urban Green., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 49–55, 2010.
[23] Organización Internacional para la conservación en Jardines Botánicos, “Agenda Internacional para la conservación en jardines Botánicos,” 2001.
[24] K. Davis, M. F. Smit, M. Kidd, S. Sharrock, and P. Allenstein, “An access and benefit-sharing awareness survey for botanic gardens: Are they prepared for the Nagoya Protocol?” South African J. Bot., vol. 98, pp. 148–156, 2015.
[25] J. S. Donaldson, “Botanic gardens science for conservation and global change,” Trends Plant Sci., vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 608–613, 2009.
[26] M. Ramsay and K. Dixon, “Propagation Science, Recovery and Translocation of Terrestrial,” Kota Kinabalu Sabah Nat. Hist. Publ., pp. 259–258, Jan. 2003.
[27] A. Ensslin, O. Tschöpe, M. Burkart, and J. Joshi, “Fitness decline and adaptation to novel environments in ex situ plant collections: Current knowledge and future perspectives,” Biol. Conserv., vol. 192, pp. 394–401, 2015.
[28] M. Maunder, “Plant reintroduction: an overview,” Biodivers. Conserv., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 51–61, 1992.
[29] A. Basey, J. Fant, and A. Kramer, Producing native plant materials for restoration: 10 rules to collect and maintain genetic diversity, Native Plants Journal, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 37-53, 2015.
[30] M. Lascurian, O. Gómez, O. Sánchez, and C. C. Hernández, Jardines Botánicos: Conceptos, operación y manejo. México: Asociación Mexicana de Jardines Botánicos, 2006.
[31] I. M. Turner, K. S. Chua, J. S. Y. Ong, B. C. Soong, and H. T. W. Tan, “A Century of Plant Species Loss from an Isolated Fragment of Lowland Tropical Rain Forest,” Conserv. Biol., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1229–1244, 1996.
[32] Y. Van Heezik and K. Ludwig, “Proximity to source populations and untidy gardens predict occurrence of a small lizard in an urban area,” Landsc. Urban Plan., vol. 104, no. 2, pp. 253–259, 2012.
[33] S. L. Sharrock et al., The biodiversity benefits of botanic gardens, vol. 26, 2011.
[34] P. E. Hulme, “Addressing the threat to biodiversity from botanic gardens,” Trends Ecol. Evol., vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 168–174, 2011.
[35] A. Vovides and C. C. Hernández, “Concepto y tipos de jardines botánicos,” en Jardines Botánicos, conceptos, operación y manejo. México: Asociación Mexicana de Jardines Botánicos, 2006.
[36] C. L. Wassenberg, M. A. Goldenberg, and K. E. Soule, “Benefits of botanical garden visitation: A means-end study,” Urban For. Urban Green, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 148–155, 2015.
[37] J. Carvajal and N. Urbina, “Reptiles en Fragmentos de Bosque Seco Tropical en Córdoba, Colombia,” Trop. Conserv. Sci., vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 397–416, 2008.
[38] O. Acevedo-Charry, A. Pinto, and J. Orlando Rangel-Ch, “Las Aves de la Orinoquia colombiana: una revisión de sus registros,” Colombia diversidad biótica, vol. 14. 2014.
[39] A. Díaz, “Variación espaciotemporal de la lluvia de semillas en pastizales de un ecosistema alto andino (Reserva Forestal Municipal de Cogua, Cundinamarca),” 2004.
[40] T. R. Sousa, F. R. C. Costa, T. V Bentos, N. Leal Filho, R. C. G. Mesquita, and I. O. Ribeiro, “The effect of forest fragmentation on the soil seed bank of Central Amazonia,” For. Ecol. Manage., vol. 393, no. Supplement C, pp. 105–112, 2017.
[41] E. E. Santo-Silva, W. Almeida, M. Tabarelli, and C. Peres, “Habitat fragmentation and the future structure of tree assemblages in a fragmented Atlantic forest landscape,” Plant Ecology, vol. 217, no. 9, 2016.
[42] K. Valenta, T. S. Steffens, R. R. Rafaliarison, C. A. Chapman, and S. M. Lehman, “Seed Banks in Savanna, Forest Fragments, and Continuous Forest Edges Differ in a Tropical Dry Forest in Madagascar,” Biotropica, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 435–440, 2015.
[43] O. Vargas, Guía Metodológica para la Restauración Ecológica del bosque altoandino. 2007.
[44] R. I. Velosa Caicedo, K. J. Domínguez Guarín, and Y. Romero Perdomo, “Composición y diversidad del banco de semillas en áreas urbanas fragmentadas de piedemonte, Villavicencio, Colombia,” Ing. USBMed, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 86, 2018.
[45] R. Velosa, J. M. Gonzalez, J. Pardo, and Acosta, Viabilidad ecológica y técnica para el establecimiento de un área de jardín botánico en predios de la Universidad Santo Tomás, sede Loma Linda, Villavicencio. Villavicencio: Universidad Santo Tomás, 2017.
[46] D. Ruíz, “Capacidad de carga turística del área de uso público del Parque Ecológico El Samán, Cartago, Valle,” tesis de pregrado, Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, 2012.
[47] M. Cifuentes, Determinación de la Capacidad de Carga en Áreas Naturales Protegidas. Costa Rica: Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, 1992.
[48] P. Bianchi, “Acerca de la refuncionalización de objetos,” Actas de diseño, vol. 8, pp. 10–12, 2014.
[49] G. Mendiola, “Estudio axiológico estético de la arquitectura en México a finales del siglo XX (1960-1990),” tesis doctoral, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, México, 2007.
[50] Asociación para la Interpretación del Patrimonio – AIP, Boletín de Interpretación, no. 6, 2002.
[51] M. G. Linkies, “La importancia de las personas en la preservación de la naturaleza,” Rev. Ing. USBMed, vol. 2, no. 1, p. 5, 2011.
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